ACCT 200 • Financial Accounting 4 Credits

Explanation of accounting concepts used by sole proprietorships, partnerships and corporations. Preparation of financial statements. Calculation and interpretation of key financial ratios. Application of basic concepts of cost accounting. Discussion and evaluation of both biblical and ethical principles and their relationship to financial accounting and the profit goals of business.

ACCT 294 • Topics in Accounting 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Accounting theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

ACCT 379PT • Portfolio in Accounting 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Accounting.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

ADS 445 • Counseling Microskills 4 Credits

An examination of effective counseling skills that combines theoretical understanding and hands-on practice of essential microskills. Engagement in development of “self as the therapist” through reflective practice and observation of self and others.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall.

ADS 450 • Introduction to Addictions Counseling 4 Credits

Examination of addiction from a variety of perspectives and evaluation of the twelve core functions of an addictions counselor. Description of the process of change in the context of the continuum of care. Cultivation of a personal philosophy around spirituality and addiction.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

ADS 455 • Psychopharmacology of Addiction 4 Credits

Examination of the action and biophysical effects of addictive substances. Evaluation of evidence-based medical treatment options for both addictions and co-occurring disorders. Integration of spirituality with medical approaches to treating addiction in an interculturally sensitive manner.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, Spring.

ADS 460 • Assessment & Treatment of Co-occurring Disorders 4 Credits

Examination of the assessment and treatment, including identification of the appropriate level of care, for co-occurring disorders of substance use and various psychological disorders. Attention is given to evidence-based practices in treatment planning and intervention.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, Spring.

ADS 481 • Internship in Addictions Counseling I 4 Credits

Applies theory, interpersonal skills, and professional development skills in a supervised professional addiction counseling setting. Demonstrates the twelve core functions of LADC (MN Statute 148F.01, subdivision 10). Evaluates progress toward appropriate development goals. Integrates knowledge, experience, ethics, and faith into a worldview relevant to addiction counseling. 400-hour experience hours required.
Prerequisites: ADS 445; ADS 450; ADS 460; ADS 485. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

ADS 485 • Professional Issues & Ethics 2 Credits

An examination of legal and ethical situations arising in the practice of helping professions, including alignment with the 12 core functions for addictions counseling. Evaluation of legal and ethical issues in professional practice and decision making. Development of goals and strategies for continuing professional, personal, and spiritual growth.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Spring, Summer.

ADS 491 • Internship in Addictions Counseling II 4 Credits

Applies theory, interpersonal skills, and professional development skills in a supervised professional addiction counseling setting. Demonstrates the twelve core functions of LADC (MN Statute 148F.01, subdivision 10). Evaluates progress toward appropriate development goals. Integrates knowledge, experience, ethics, and faith into a worldview relevant to addiction counseling. 480-hour experience hours required.
Prerequisites: ADS 481. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

ADST 294 • Topics in Addiction Studies 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Addiction Studies theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

ADST 379PT • Portfolio in Addiction Studies 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Addiction Studies.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

ADST 445 • Counseling Microskills 4 Credits

An examination of effective counseling skills that combines theoretical understanding and hands-on practice of essential microskills. Engagement in development of “self as the therapist” through reflective practice and observation of self and others.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 5.

ADST 450 • Introduction to Addictions Counseling 4 Credits

Examination of addiction from a variety of perspectives and evaluation of the twelve core functions of an addictions counselor. Description of the process of change in the context of the continuum of care. Cultivation of a personal philosophy around spirituality and addiction.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 5.

ADST 455 • Pharmacology of Addictions 4 Credits

Examination of the biopsychosocial and the neuro-physical effects of addictive substances. Evaluation of evidence-based medical treatment options for both addictions and co-occurring disorders. Integration of spirituality with medical approaches to treating addiction in an interculturally sensitive manner.

ADST 460 • Assessment and Treatment of Co-Occurring Disorders 4 Credits

Examination of the assessment and treatment, including identification of the appropriate level of care, for co-occurring disorders of substance use and various psychological disorders. Attention is given to evidence-based practices in treatment planning and intervention.

ADST 481 • Internship in Addictions Counseling I 4 Credits

Application of theory, interpersonal skills, and professional development skills in a supervised professional addiction counseling setting. Demonstration of the twelve core functions of LADC (MN Statute 148F.01, subdivision 10). Evaluation of progress toward appropriate development goals. Integration of knowledge, experience, ethics, and faith into a worldview relevant in the addiction counseling setting. 400-hour experience.
Prerequisites: ADST 445, ADST 450, ADST 455, ADST 460, ADST 485H (All may be taken concurrently), Consent of program director. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

ADST 482 • Internship in Addictions Counseling III 1-4 Credits

Directly applies acquired knowledge and skills in a structured professional setting focused on the 12 core functions of a licensed alcohol and drug counselor as defined in Minnesota Statute section 148F.01, subdivision 10. Students complete remaining Minnesota state Board of Behavioral Health and Therapy 880 clock hours of practical experience.
Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

ADST 485H • Professional Issues and Ethics 2 Credits

An examination of legal and ethical situations arising in the practice of helping professions, including alignment with the core functions for addictions counseling. Evaluation of legal and ethical issues in professional practice and decision making. Development of goals and strategies for continuing professional, personal, and spiritual growth.
Fulfills: CAPS General Education Category H.

ADST 491 • Internship in Addictions Counseling II 4 Credits

Applies theory, interpersonal skills, and professional development skills in a supervised professional addiction counseling setting. Demonstrates the twelve core functions of LADC (MN Statute 148F.01, subdivision 10). Evaluates progress toward appropriate development goals. Integrates knowledge, experience, ethics, and faith into a worldview relevant to addiction counseling. 480-hour experience hours required.
Prerequisites: ADST 445, ADST 450, ADST 455, ADST 460, ADST 485H. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis

AHS 001 • First Aid and CPR Certification 0 Credit

Successful completion of Basic Life Support course from an approved accrediting body (such as American Heart Association or American Red Cross) including training in CPR and AED utilization.

AHS 100 • Foundations in Applied Health Science 1 Credit

A starting point for "life after Bethel" discussions and assignments throughout the academic career in applied health sciences majors. Explores the knowledge, skills, and competencies for career pathways in medical and applied/allied health science fields. Students discover, practice, and reflect on the building blocks for success in health-related career pathways.
Offered: Fall, Occasionally spring.

AHS 170 • Applied Nutrition 2 Credits

Effects of individualized nutrition on health, human performance, and chronic disease prevention will be discussed throughout the lifespan. Topics covered also include macronutrient sources, digestion, absoprtion and basic utilization with introductory concepts of micronutrient classifications and physiological roles.
Offered: Fall, Occasionally January, Spring.

AHS 248 • Applied Movement Systems 2 Credits

A hands-on, applied course that exposes and prepares students to understand the function and application of movement systems and exercise to enhance the function and capacity of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

AHS 250M • Statistics and Research Methods in Applied Health Sciences 4 Credits

Descriptive statistics. Discrete probability spaces, random variables, and distributions. Normal distribution, statistical inference, estimation, hypothesis testing, linear regression, correlation analysis, and analysis of variance. Applications to healthcare and Institutional Review Board (IRB) human-based research projects.
Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for AHS 250M and BUS 201M, PSY 230M, or MAT 207M. AHS 250M does not count toward the psychological sciences minor elective credit requirement.

AHS 303KZ • Integrative Medicine in a Cross-Cultural Setting 4 Credits

Theories and practices of integrative medicine that promote quality health and wellness. Models from ancient Mayan practices to modern Western medical practices. Scientific theories include ethnobotany, psychoneuroimmunology, integrative nutrition, and biofeedback. Practices may include therapeutic touch, yoga, mindfulness, contemplative prayer, nature therapy, and healing effects of physical activity and movement.
Prerequisites: GES 104; Laboratory Science (D) course; Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally January.

AHS 370 • Functional Human Nutrition 4 Credits

Prepares students in functional nutrition, emphasizing human biochemistry and cellular energetics. Explores the relationship of nutrients to health pathologies, including metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Practical experience with nutritional interventions for health optimization and disease management. Emphasis on biochemical individuality for positive, nutritional modulation in oxidative phosphorylation.
Prerequisites: BIO 120/BIO 120D, BIO 122/BIO 122D, BIO 124/BIO 124D, or BIO 128/BIO 128D and CHE 113/CHE 113D and AHS 170. Offered: Fall, Spring.

AHS 375 • Functional Anatomy 4 Credits

Applied, anatomical content focuses on musculoskeletal kinematics, types of muscular contraction, location/direction of force application, and descriptive movement analysis. Topics integrate motor learning and development concepts including skills acquisition and maintenance of motor skills.
Prerequisites: BIO 214/BIO 215 or BIO 238/BIO 239 and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: PHY 102/PHY 102D is a recommended prerequisite.

AHS 379 • Integrative Human Physiology 4 Credits

Examination of how normal human physiological function (homeostasis) is altered, and subsequently restored, in response to various forms of acute and chronic stress.
Prerequisites: BIO 214/BIO 215 and BIO 216/BIO 217. Offered: Fall, Spring.

AHS 393 • Literature Review in Applied Health Sciences 2 Credits

Students develop and work on their research project and IRB. Students use literature to formulate an independent project. Completion of IRB is expected. Discussions of careers, graduate and medical school application and entrance examinations.
Prerequisites: AHS 001 and AHS 379 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in AHS 398 and AHS 399. Offered: Spring.

AHS 398 • Physiological Assessment Laboratory 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying AHS 399.
Prerequisites: AHS 001 and AHS 379, (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in AHS 393 and AHS 399 is required. Offered: Spring.

AHS 399 • Physiological Assessment 3 Credits

Applied techniques in the measurement of exercise bioenergetics, neuromuscular performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and other health components. Particular emphasis is given to the knowledge necessary for exercise testing certifications and development of fitness testing skills.
Prerequisites: AHS 001 and AHS 379 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in AHS 393 and AHS 398 is required. Offered: Spring.

AHS 440 • Advanced Training for Human Performance 2 Credits

Prepares students to systematically design training and conditioning programs to enhance the function and capacity of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. Utilizes periodization and mathematical models with expected physiological and neuromuscular adaptions to maximize human performance in sport, pre-habilitation, public health, and special populations.
Prerequisites: BIO 216/BIO 217; AHS 248; AHS 375 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Fall.

AHS 445 • Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Applied Health Sciences 4 Credits

Collection, interpretation, and prescription of human subjects data conducted. Activities focus on how to work in a dynamic laboratory and refine and master previously learned assessment skills.
Prerequisites: AHS 393; AHS 398; AHS 399. Offered: Fall, Spring.

AHS 481 • Internship in Applied Health Sciences 1-4 Credits

A practical experience in an off-campus setting in applying academic knowledge and professional skills under the dual supervision of a faculty member and a practicing professional. Experience is designed by the student in consultation with a faculty member.
Prerequisites: AHS 393; AHS 398; AHS 399 or Consent of instructor. Special Notes: Application must be made at least one semester prior to the intended experience. Offered: Fall, Spring.

AHS 494 • Research in Applied Health Sciences 1 Credit

Students develop and work on their senior research project. Students complete data collection and continue the discussion of "life after Bethel." In addition, social networking, public speaking, and presentations are explored.
Prerequisites: AHS 393; AHS 398: AHS 399. Offered: Fall.

AHS 495 • Applied Health Sciences Symposium 2 Credits

Students prepare and deliver formal presentation and manuscripts of their research results. Weekly discussions cover current research topics. The discussion of "life after Bethel" is continued.
Prerequisites: AHS 494. Offered: Spring.

ANT 200 • Introduction to Anthropology 2 Credits

Study of humankind with an emphasis on human social and cultural systems. Focus on one non-Western culture in anthropological perspective. Study of the discipline, methods, and theories of anthropology.
Offered: Fall, odd # years.

ARH 222 • Survey of Art History 4 Credits

Survey of history from prehistoric painting to the contemporary period, examining major developments, artists, aesthetic concepts, stylistic practices, and use of materials. Compares the way material use and thematic ideas are addressed in different historical and geographic regions around the globe.
Offered: Spring.

ARH 305 • History of Design 4 Credits

Examination of the history of design from the invention of writing to interactive digital spaces. Looking at the development of aesthetics, materials, style, and function in design as it shifts in response to cultural and historical changes.
Offered: Fall.

ARH 440 • Topics in Art History 4 Credits

Art history investigation focused on a specific time period, culture, medium, or theme designed to provide students with a deep knowledge of the major features, artists, and contexts of the designated topic. Specific topics will be announced prior to registration.
Offered: Occasionally. Special Notes: This course is repeatable for credit.

ART 110 • Foundations: The Elements and Principles of Art & Design 4 Credits

An exploration of material expression in two and three-dimensional form, including the elements and principles of design, diverse materials and media, color theory, experimentation, and critique. Developmental approaches to formal and expressive forms of artmaking are explored in both solo and collaborative projects.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

ART 202A • Drawing 4 Credits

Development of visual perception through observation, drawing, and a study of structural form and space relationships. Experiences in line, value, texture, basic perspective, and composition using various materials and techniques.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

ART 204A • Clay Forms 4 Credits

Explores hand building and wheel throwing techniques in the formation of archetypal ceramic forms and processes.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

ART 205A • Screen Printing 4 Credits

Screen printing as a means of creating hand-printed multi-color fine art prints. Methods include handmade and photo emulsion stenciling and studio art practice.
Offered: January.

ART 206A • Sculpture 4 Credits

Sculptural concepts, processes, and materials are used within a guided studio experience that includes an introduction to public art.
Offered: Fall, Occasionally spring. Special Notes: Specific fabrication skills are not required.

ART 210A • Painting 4 Credits

An introduction to the fundamentals of painting and personal painting practices. Students develop subject matter as well as the ability to organize pictorial space and compositional ideas.
Offered: Fall, Occasionally January, Occasionally spring.

ART 211A • Printmaking 4 Credits

Hand-printing processes with an emphasis on drawing and composition. Experience in such media as etching, lithography, woodcut, linocut, collagraphy, monotype and color printing.
Offered: Occasionally fall, Spring.

ART 240 • Creative Practices 4 Credits

Exploration of creative processes that moves past introductory ways of generating visual ideas to developing self-sustaining and self-directed investigation and enriching techniques for the artist.
Corequisites: Another 200-level or above ART or DES course, recommended course be taken sophomore year. Offered: Spring.

ART 250A • Photography 4 Credits

Photography as a means of aesthetic and conceptual ideas within the fine arts, rather than for family and vacation snapshots, through both digital and analog forms. Includes technical instruction in camera operation, black and white film developing, printing, and basic Adobe Photoshop. Introduction to photo history and contemporary theory.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

ART 306 • Guided Practice: Sculpture and Ceramics 4 Credits

Self-directed studio projects pursued with particular focus on individual growth and development. Art for public spaces is more fully engaged, with students making works for specific audiences and locations.
Prerequisites: ART 204A or ART 206A. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course is repeatable for credit.

ART 310 • Guided Practice: Painting 4 Credits

A continued exploration of painting, including various material experiments and exposure to new processes. Emphasis on the development of visual vocabulary and understanding of contemporary issues in painting. Invention and investigation are stressed.
Prerequisites: ART 210A. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course is repeatable for credit.

ART 312 • Guided Practice: Works on Paper 4 Credits

Advanced work in selected media with emphasis on individual research and development.
Prerequisites: ART 202A or ART 211A. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course is repeatable for credit.

ART 336 • Guided Practice: Photography 4 Credits

Individual aesthetic and conceptual development within the photographic medium, advanced skills in digital or black and white wet photography processes, and investigation of photo history and critical theory (as it relates to photography).
Prerequisites: ART 250A. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course is repeatable for credit.

ART 340AZ • Making Place: Art and History Tour 4 Credits

Exploration of Modern and Contemporary Art within an art historical context. Students engage in instructor-led and self-directed art making exercises throughout the trip. “Making in Place” invites students to see how artists respond to their unique place, and how specific histories, cultural norms, political power, and religion all impact what they make.
Offered: January, odd # years.

ART 481 • Internship in Art 1-4 Credits

Educational and practical experience in applying understanding and skill in an off-campus, professional setting. An internship can be arranged in advertising studios, agencies, printmaking studios, artists’ studios, and art museums. Supervised by an art faculty member.
Prerequisites: Five studio art courses; Major in art; Consent of department. Offered: Fall or Spring.

ART 495 • Senior Thesis Project 4 Credits

Development of creative independence, culminating in an individual thesis defense.
Prerequisites: ART 240; One 300-level course in Art or Design; Major in the Art and Design department or Major in visual arts education, k-12; Completion of Mid-program Review; Consent of department. Offered: Fall.

ART 498 • Professional Practices: Making Art Your Career 2-4 Credits

Prepares students to continue their own studio practice after graduation and graduate school, exhibitions, grants, and residencies. Teaches students the skills for presenting their work in a professional and compelling manner within the forms and procedures expected from the art world.
Prerequisites: ART 240; Consent of department. Offered: Spring.

ARTC 150 • Introduction to Art Appreciation 4 Credits

Cultivation of critical reading and writing skills through examination of artistic “texts” from a variety of genres: literature, drama, cinema, music, or the visual arts. Discernment of rich dimensions of the texts--technique, genre, social-historical context—and reflect on their spiritual signification.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 6.

ARTC 294 • Topics in Art 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular art theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

ARTC 379PT • Portfolio in Art 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Art.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

ASIN 281 • Individualized Internship 1 2 Credits

Develop career-readiness skills through on-the-job work experience combined with instructional activities building skills which include safe engagement in the work environment, job-seeking, career exploration and transferable skills. Practice essential skills in communication, accepting feedback, adhering to employer expectations. Apply work appropriate expectations. Create introductory materials for a portfolio showcasing accomplishments.

ASIN 282 • Individualized Internship 2 2 Credits

Development of career-readiness through work experience and instructional activities building skills including engagement in the work environment, job-seeking skills, career exploration and transferable employability skills. Practice essential skills such as job interviewing, safety practices, employee rights, employer responsibilities etc. Create materials to showcase accomplishments including a cover letter and resume.

ASIN 283 • Individualized Internship 3 2 Credits

Develops career-readiness skills through work experience. Instructional activities to improve employability skills. Learning experiences that help students match their skills/interests to the appropriate career field. Explores personal characteristics for successful employment. Compares models of good citizenship to define practices for positive workplace interactions. Creating a portfolio showcasing work-based accomplishments.

ASIN 284 • Individualized Internship 4 2 Credits

Synthesize learning from internships. Finalize employment portfolio. Define lifelong approaches to work skills. Explore standards of practice. Compose a personal mission statement. Reflect on a letter of recommendation. Cultivate career-readiness skills. Combine work experience with instructional activities that improve employability skills. Reflect on employer feedback to bolster lifelong career success.

ASIN 379PT • Portfolio in Academic Internship 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Academic Internship.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

ASL 101 • Introductory American Sign Language I 4 Credits

Enables students with no knowledge of American Sign Language (ASL) to communicate comfortably in a variety of situations. Focuses on development of expressive, receptive, and visual readiness skills in basic ASL. Introduces conversational vocabulary, fingerspelling, grammatical principles, and syntax. Includes information about deaf culture.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

ASL 102S • Introductory American Sign Language II 4 Credits

Continuation of functional and practical understanding and communicative use of ASL. Further study of the history and culture of the deaf community through films, discussions, and readings.
Prerequisites: ASL 101 or Placement exam. Offered: Fall, Spring.

ASN 281 • Individualized Internship 1: Foundations for Career Success 2 Credits

Develop career-readiness skills through on-the-job work experience combined with instructional activities building skills which include safe engagement in the work environment, job-seeking, career exploration and transferable skills. Practice essential skills in communication, accepting feedback, adhering to employer expectations. Apply work appropriate expectations. Create introductory materials for a portfolio showcasing accomplishments.
Offered: Occasionally.

ASN 282 • Individualized Internship 2: Workplace Rights and Responsibilities 2 Credits

Development of career-readiness through work experience and instructional activities building skills including engagement in the work environment, job-seeking skills, career exploration and transferable employability skills. Practice essential skills such as job interviewing, safety practices, employee rights, employer responsibilities etc. Create materials to showcase accomplishments including a cover letter and resume.
Offered: Occasionally.

ASN 283 • Individualized Internship 3: Career and Character Development 2 Credits

Develops career-readiness skills through work experience. Instructional activities to improve employability skills. Learning experiences that help students match their skills/interests to the appropriate career field. Explores personal characteristics for successful employment. Compares models of good citizenship to define practices for positive workplace interactions. Creating a portfolio showcasing work-based accomplishments.
Offered: Occasionally.

ASN 284 • Individualized Internship 4: Making Meaning of the Internship Experience 2 Credits

Synthesize learning from internships. Finalize employment portfolio. Define lifelong approaches to work skills. Explore standards of practice. Compose a personal mission statement. Reflect on a letter of recommendation. Cultivate career-readiness skills. Combine work experience with instructional activities that improve employability skills. Reflect on employer feedback to bolster lifelong career success.
Offered: Occasionally. Special Notes: Graded on an S/U basis.

ATH 200 • Introduction to Art Therapy 4 Credits

Introduces the field of art therapy through theory, history, principles, and practices. Engages these topics through reading, writing, lecture, discussion, and experiential exercises. Explores the various techniques and qualities of various art media, and how they impact the healing process.
Offered: Spring, even # years.

ATH 481 • Internship in Art Therapy 1-4 Credits

Students participate in internships in approved settings to include: museums, galleries, libraries, hospitals, clinics, and therapy centers. Students gain first-hand knowledge, experience, and skills in the practice of art therapy. Internship sites are approved professional settings and supervised by Bethel faculty and site supervisors.
Prerequisites: ATH 200; Major in art therapy. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIB 101 • Introduction to the Bible 4 Credits

Exploration of connections between key portions of the Bible and challenges faced by students in their own lives. Students trace the journey of God's people from Abraham and Sarah through the New Testament church, tracing God's self-disclosure through biblical cultures and their genres of writing.
Offered: Fall, January, Spring, Summer. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for BIB 101 and BIB 102 or SPA 361.

BIB 102 • Introducción a la Biblia 4 Credits

Traces the journey of God’s people from Abraham and Sarah through the New Testament church, highlighting the unifying self-disclosure of God in the various cultures and types of writing of the Old and New Testaments. Introduces students to historical and thematic content as well as broad but basic exegetical principles.
Prerequisites: SPA 340U or Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: Instruction is in Spanish. Students may not receive credit for BIB 102 and BIB 101 or SPA 361. This course carries cross credit in languages and cultures.

BIB 212 • Reading the Hebrew Bible 4 Credits

Study of select foundational themes and difficult areas for Christians reading the Hebrew Bible today, with an introduction to a range of methods in interpretation. Topics discussed may include: creation, capital punishment, social justice, violence and holy war, and the status of women.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Fall or Spring.

BIB 230Z • Israel Study Tour 4 Credits

Historical geography and onsite investigation of the Holy Land with emphasis on sites from the Early Bronze through Byzantine eras. Particular emphasis on sites that underlie the Hebrew Bible, the intertestamental period, and the New Testament.
Prerequisites: BIB 101 and GES 104. Offered: Occasionally January.

BIB 240 • Topics in Biblical Studies 4 Credits

Study of a biblical area or topic. The specific subject is announced when the course is offered.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Fall.

BIB 260 • The Life and Teachings of Jesus 4 Credits

Main events of the life of Jesus and the form and message of His teaching in the light of first century Jewish culture. Use of the Old Testament in the gospels, the structure of the gospels, and their literary genre.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Fall or Spring.

BIB 265 • The Life and Teachings of Paul 4 Credits

Life of Paul, his strategic role in the expansion of Christianity, and the contribution of his theology and thought as reflected in his writings.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Fall or Spring.

BIB 304 • Messianic Concepts 4 Credits

Development of such terms as “Son of Man,” “Son of God,” and “Messiah” are traced from origins in Old Testament texts of poetry and prophecy to New Testament fulfillment in the Gospels and Epistles.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Occasionally.

BIB 306 • Covenant, Promise, and Fulfillment 4 Credits

Major covenants between God and humans in both the Old and New Testaments. Relationships between these covenants, especially regarding the theme of promise and fulfillment.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Occasionally.

BIB 309 • A Biblical Theology of Poverty 4 Credits

Responses to poverty in the Old Testament, intertestamental literature, and the New Testament in light of the socioeconomic setting of these records. Construction of a biblical perspective and implications for Christian communities in North America.
Prerequisites: BIB 101 and GES 160 or GES 149 and Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall or Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit with theological studies.

BIB 310 • Holiness in Biblical Perspective 4 Credits

Exegetical and theological foundations underlying the biblical notion of holiness in both the Old and New Testaments. Biblical texts in their historical-cultural contexts, with a view to uncovering biblical understandings of holiness and integrating them into a Christian worldview.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Occasionally.

BIB 312 • Female and Male in Biblical Perspective 4 Credits

Significant Old and New Testament passages related to past and current discussions of gender, roles, and ministry in the church.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Occasionally.

BIB 316 • Vocation and Calling: A Biblical Perspective 4 Credits

An investigation of the biblical understandings of vocation and calling in both Old and New Testaments. Examination of foundational issues such as definitions of ministry, personal and spiritual gifting, the role of the church in contemporary context, and calling and vocation as they relate to being Christ-followers.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Occasionally.

BIB 326 • The Prophets of Israel 4 Credits

The meaning of prophecy and the function of prophets in Israel. Analysis of context and message of selected Hebrew prophets and the nature of Hebrew poetry used by the prophets. Textual studies focused on historical understandings, relating them to the New Testament and contemporary Christian life.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Spring, even # years.

BIB 331G • Cultural and Literary World of the New Testament 4 Credits

Study of the way in which the cultural and literary worlds of the New Testament inform the understanding of key New Testament texts.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Spring.

BIB 334G • Cultural and Literary World of the Old Testament 4 Credits

Study of the way in which the cultural and literary worlds of the Old Testament inform the understanding of key Old Testament texts.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Fall.

BIB 336 • Poetic Books of the Old Testament 4 Credits

A study of Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs. Understanding the structure, message, and nature of Hebrew poetry. Textual studies focused on historical understandings, relating them to contemporary Christian life.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

BIB 375 • First Corinthians 4 Credits

Paul’s letter to the Corinthian church in its first century setting. Topics include sexuality, divorce, spiritual gifts, the Christian ministry, resurrection, and the contemporary application of these.
Prerequisites: BIB 101. Offered: Spring, even # years.

BIB 499 • Departmental Capstone 4 Credits

Selected topics related broadly to the areas of ministry, Bible, and theology. A major research project in consultation with department faculty is followed by an oral and written presentation of its results.
Prerequisites: Major in biblical and theological studies or missional ministries and Senior standing. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: Carries cross-credit with missional ministries and theological studies.

BIBL 205 • Old Testament Survey 3 Credits

Survey of the journey of God's people throughout the Old Testament biblical books, highlighting the unifying self-disclosure of God in the various cultures and types of writing in the Old Testament. Application of intertextual theological themes to personal spiritual life.

BIBL 210 • New Testament Survey 3 Credits

Survey of the New Testament books that reveal Jesus Christ and the emergence of early Christianity through specific people, events, cultures, and types of writing. Application of intertextual theological themes to personal spiritual life.

BIBL 230 • The Bible in Real Life 4 Credits

Exploration of key portions of the Bible, including personal reflection in regard to its purpose in the world today. Draws connections with the broad arc of the biblical narrative, tracing God’s self-disclosure through the biblical text. Consideration of how the Scripture might intersect with daily life in the 21st century.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 6.

BIBL 294 • Topics in Bible 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Bible theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

BIBL 360 • Making Sense of the Bible 4 Credits

Develop skills to read and interpret Scripture with depth. Analyze literary genres, themes, historical and literary contexts, and authorial intent. Apply biblical messages to contemporary life. Reflect personally and engage Scripture to inform understanding and decision-making.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 6. Special Notes: It is recommended students take their R course prior to taking this course.

BIBL 379PT • Portfolio in Bible 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Bible.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

BIO 100 • Principles of Biology 3 Credits

Comprehensive overview of core principles of biology. How the human body works and interacts with the environment. Explores energy use and transformation, structure and function of key organ systems, genetics, evolution, and human impact on the environment. Emphasizes scientific literacy by applying the scientific method to contemporary issues in biology.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 100D is required. Offered: Fall.

BIO 100D • Principles of Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 100.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 100 is required. Offered: Fall.

BIO 104 • Human Biology 3 Credits

Study of the biological aspects of the human species. Includes basic molecules of life, human cell biology, tissue types, anatomy and physiology of the 10 systems, human embryology and development, human genetics, nutrition, disease, and health.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 104D is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 104D • Human Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 104.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 104 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 105 • Medical Terminology 2 Credits

Study of medical terms. Students study material independently and take proctored examination to demonstrate knowledge of medical language.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 114D • Introduction to Biodiversity, Ecology, and Adaptation 4 Credits

An introduction to the diversity, interrelationships, and origins of living organisms. Focuses on three themes: an overview of the kinds and diversity of organisms found in six kingdoms, the interaction of organisms with each other and their environment, and the change of organisms through time.
Offered: Occasionally.

BIO 120 • Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology 3 Credits

An introduction to cellular and subcellular aspects of living organisms. Includes a study of basic chemistry, biological molecules, cells, enzymes, metabolism, classical genetics, and molecular genetics.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 120D is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course is intended for nursing and other science related majors.

BIO 120D • Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 120.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 120 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 122 • Introduction to Organismic Biology 3 Credits

An introduction to how living things work. Focuses on two main themes: the correlation between structure and function, and the capacity of organisms to adjust their internal environment in response to short- and long-term fluctuations in the external environment.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 122D is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 122D • Introduction to Organismic Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 122.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 122 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 124 • Integrative Biology: Genes, Cells, Change 3 Credits

In a complex world, understanding challenges like infectious disease or environmental change requires a fundamental knowledge of biology. Using relevant examples, students explore molecules, DNA, biotechnology, evolution, populations, ecosystems, disease, and human systems (e.g., digestive, immune) to gain a perspective on global health and personal responsibility to life.
Prerequisites: Major in biology, environmental science, biochemistry/molecular biology, neuroscience, human bioenergetics, rehabilitation and movement science, life science education, 9-12, or minor in biology. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 124D is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 124D • Integrative Biology: Genes, Cells, Change Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 124.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 124. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 128 • Integrative Biology: Metabolism, Energy, Biodiversity 3 Credits

Living organisms face challenges requiring them to either adapt, move, acclimate, or perish. Through real-world examples, students will gain a fundamental understanding of homeostasis, enzymes, metabolism, energy flow, movement, human systems (e.g., circulatory, nervous, excretory), photosynthesis, cellular respiration, extinction, biodiversity, transformation of matter, and acclimation.
Prerequisites: Major in biology, environmental science, biochemistry/molecular biology, neuroscience, human bioenergetics, rehabilitation and movement science, life science education, 9-12, minor in biology, or a minor in environmental studies. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 128D is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 128D • Integrative Biology: Metabolism, Energy, Biodiversity Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 128.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 128. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 132 • The Science of Birds 3 Credits

An overview of the Minnesota avifauna and bird biology. Bird identification is discussed and practiced in the field. Selected topics from bird biology (e.g., migration, flight, reproduction, behavior, food, and conservation) are presented through lectures, numerous slide shows, and videos. Topics introduce the prevailing themes in modern biology.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 132D is required. Offered: Occasionally.

BIO 132D • The Science of Birds Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 132.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 132 is required. Offered: Occasionally.

BIO 214 • Human Anatomy 3 Credits

Detailed study of the anatomy and histology of the human body in relation to its functional systems. Laboratory includes human cadaver prosections.
Prerequisites: One of the following: BIO 104/BIO 104D, BIO 120/BIO 120D, BIO 122/BIO 122D, BIO 124/BIO 124D, BIO 128/BIO 128D. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 215 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Not open to students who have taken BIO 238/BIO 239 except by department consent.

BIO 215 • Human Anatomy Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 214.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 214 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 216 • Human Physiology 3 Credits

Integration of basic principles of cell biology and mechanisms of physiology to the functions of the major organ systems of the human body; centered around the theme of homeostasis.
Prerequisites: BIO 214/BIO 215 and one of the following: BIO 104/BIO 104D, BIO 120/BIO 120D, BIO 124/BIO 124D, BIO 218, NSC 130/NSC 130D. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 217 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Not open to students who have taken BIO 238/BIO 239 except by department consent. A course in chemistry is a recommended prerequisite.

BIO 217 • Human Physiology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 216.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 216 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 218 • Biology in a Changing World 3 Credits

Through the exploration of interactions between genes and their environments, students articulate integrative topics (e.g., evolution, transformation of matter and energy, information flow, systems and structure/function), identify career options and desired skill sets, make a growth plan and articulate an intellectual autobiography, including faith integration.
Prerequisites: BIO 120/BIO 120D and BIO 122/BIO 122D or BIO 124/BIO 124D and BIO 128/BIO 128D. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 234 • Microbiology 3 Credits

Microorganisms and viruses with respect to their structure, physiology, genetics, identification, control, host-microbe relationships, and exploitation by humans. Topics include pathogenic organisms, the infectious diseases they cause, and the events and products of vertebrate immune responses.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) or BIO 120/BIO 120D and one course in chemistry (A second course in chemistry is recommended.) Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 235 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 235 • Microbiology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 234.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 234 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 238 • Human Anatomy and Physiology 3 Credits

Anatomy and physiology of the human body, with a major emphasis on the principle of homeostasis.
Prerequisites: One of the following: BIO 104/BIO 104D, BIO 120/BIO 120D, BIO 122/BIO 122D, BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 239 is required. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: A course in chemistry is a recommended prerequisite. Not open to students who have taken BIO 214/BIO 215 or BIO 216/BIO 217.

BIO 239 • Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 238.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 238 is required. Offered: Spring.

BIO 316 • Wildlife Ecology 3 Credits

Analysis of terrestrial vertebrate populations, communities, and habitats. Exploration of how these analyses are applied to the manipulation, exploitation, protection, and restoration of animal populations and communities.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) and Junior or senior standing. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 317 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: Carries cross-credit in environmental science. This course is not open to students who have taken AUS 316.

BIO 317 • Wildlife Ecology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 316. Includes some outdoor and off-campus investigations.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 316 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: Carries cross-credit in environmental science.

BIO 318KZ • Ecology in the Tropics: Natural History and Future Prospects 4 Credits

Travel in Ecuador or Kenya surveying the land, climate, plants, animals, homes, transportation, and industries, noting especially the impact of human presence. Ecuador includes the Amazon rainforest, Andean cloud forests, volcanic mountains, highlands, towns, cities, and the Galapagos Islands. Kenya includes Nairobi, African savanna, the Rift Valley, and Masai Mara.
Prerequisites: GES 104; Laboratory Science (D) course; Mathematics (M) course. Offered: January. Special Notes: Carries cross-credit in environmental science and general studies.

BIO 326 • Vertebrate Histology 3 Credits

Microscopic structure of cells, tissues, and organs in vertebrate animals with special emphasis on the way structural units are integrated. At all times efforts are made to correlate structure with specific physiological functions.
Prerequisites: BIO 214/BIO 215 or BIO 218. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 327 is required. Offered: Occasionally.

BIO 327 • Vertebrate Histology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 326.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 326 is required. Offered: Occasionally.

BIO 328 • Invertebrate Biology 3 Credits

A survey of invertebrate groups from protozoa to prochordates with emphasis on organizational, functional, and ecological significance. Special attention is given to the morphology, life histories, and physiology of invertebrates within the context of survival in specialized environments.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 329 is required. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

BIO 329 • Invertebrate Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 328.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 328 is required. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

BIO 330 • Ecology 3 Credits

Structure and function of wild nature. Topics include interrelationships of organisms with their environments, factors that regulate such interrelationships, and various roles that humans play in modifying patterns and processes of nature at organism, community, and ecosystem levels.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 331 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years. Special Notes: This is a designated research course. This course carries cross credit in environmental science.

BIO 331 • Ecology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 330.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 330 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years. Special Notes: Carries cross-credit in environmental science.

BIO 332 • Genetics 3 Credits

Principles that control inheritance, with examples chosen from plant and animal research, population genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and current work on human genetics.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) or BIO 124/BIO 124D and Two courses in chemistry. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 333 is required. Offered: Fall.

BIO 333 • Genetics Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 332.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 332 is required. Offered: Fall.

BIO 338 • Endocrinology 3 Credits

Processes by which hormones exert control over many aspects of reproduction, development, growth, metabolism, and behavior. Topics include the chemical nature of hormones, receptors and signaling pathways, morphology and histology of endocrine organs, regulation of hormone synthesis and secretion, and mechanism of action in target tissues.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) or NSC 130/NSC 130D or BIO 120/BIO 120D and BIO 122/BIO 122D. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 339 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years. Special Notes: A course in physiology is a recommended prerequisite.

BIO 339 • Endocrinology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 338. Work is largely experimental, using bioassay procedures.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 338 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years.

BIO 342 • Aquatic Biology 3 Credits

Biological and physical aspects of natural, freshwater ecosystems, including fish and other aquatic animals, aquatic plants, algae, and their interrelationships with each other and the unique aqueous environment in which they live.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 343 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years.

BIO 343 • Aquatic Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 342. Includes some outdoor and off-campus investigations.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 342 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years.

BIO 346 • Animal Behavior 3 Credits

Behavior from primitive invertebrates to advanced mammals, highlighting trends in behavior systems. Natural setting studies in the ethology tradition, comparative psychology studies, and biosociological principles with their implications for human social systems.
Prerequisites: PSY 101 or BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently); Junior or senior standing. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 347 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in psychological sciences.

BIO 347 • Animal Behavior Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 346.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 346 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit in psychological sciences.

BIO 350 • Clinical Pathophysiology 4 Credits

An exploration of disease processes exploring the functional and structural changes that accompany a particular injury, disease, or syndrome, as well as the differences in physiologic response to health and illness in diverse populations across the lifespan from a healthcare perspective.
Prerequisites: Acceptance into the nursing program or Consent of instructor. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in NUR 202 and NUR 302. Offered: Spring.

BIO 354 • Cell Biology 3 Credits

The molecular organization and function of cells and their organelles. Exploration of how cell biology information is obtained experimentally.
Prerequisites: CHE 224/CHE 225; BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) or BIO 332/BIO 333 or both PSY 101 and NSC 130/NSC 130D. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 355 is required. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 355 • Cell Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 354.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 354 is required. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 358 • Neurobiology 3 Credits

Nervous system of animals and humans from the sub cellular to organismic and behavioral levels. Includes significant attention to the senses as well as mechanisms of neuronal communication, plasticity, and memory.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) or PSY 101 and NSC 130/NSC 130D; Junior or senior standing. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 359 is required. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in neuroscience.

BIO 359 • Neurobiology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 358.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 358 is required. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in neuroscience.

BIO 362 • Developmental Biology 3 Credits

Developmental biology asks “How does a single fertilized egg give rise to all the different cell, tissue, and organ types of the adult organism?” Developmental processes resulting in different cell, organ, and tissue types and the mechanisms underlying those processes studied at the cellular, genetic, molecular, and biochemical levels.
Prerequisites: BIO 120/BIO 120D or BIO 124/BIO 124D; BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) or 8 credits of BIO courses not including BIO 124/BIO 124D and BIO 128/BIO 128D; Two courses in chemistry. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 363 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 363 • Developmental Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 362. Includes surgical manipulation of living organisms to elucidate developmental principles.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 362 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 368 • Structure and Development of Vertebrates 3 Credits

An integrated and systematic approach to descriptive embryology and comparative anatomy of vertebrate species.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 369 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

BIO 369 • Structure and Development of Vertebrates Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 368.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 368 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

BIO 372 • Plant Taxonomy and Ecology 3 Credits

Identification and distribution of flowering plants, including field work, keying, and laboratory preservation. Biogeography and factors important in plant distribution.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 373 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

BIO 373 • Plant Taxonomy and Ecology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 372. Course includes outdoor and off-campus activities.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 372 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

BIO 376 • Animal Physiology 3 Credits

Comparative physiology of animal nerves, muscles, hormones, circulation, respiration, excretion, digestion, and the way those systems function intact with processes of feeding, energetics, osmoregulation, metabolism, locomotion, biomechanics, and temperature regulation necessary for an organism’s survival.
Prerequisites: Two courses in chemistry and BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) or both PSY 101 and NSC 130/NSC 130D. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 377 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years.

BIO 377 • Animal Physiology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 376.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 376 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years.

BIO 380 • Environmental Plant Biology 3 Credits

Explores the significant roles plants play in the environment: driving and responding to carbon, water availability, nutrient levels, and light. The influence of abiotic factors on photosynthetic pathways, productivity, and the movement of matter and energy reveal how plants respond to rapid environmental changes. Includes work with data and statistics.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) and One semester of chemistry. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 383 is required. Offered: Spring, odd # years. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 383 • Environmental Plant Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 380. Includes some outdoor and off-campus investigations.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 380 is required. Offered: Spring, odd # years. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 384 • Immunology 3 Credits

Study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that allow organisms to recognize, control, and eliminate “nonself” entities such as bacterial pathogens, foreign tissue grafts, and even transformed (cancerous) cells.
Prerequisites: Two semesters of chemistry and either BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) or BIO 120/BIO 120D and BIO 122/BIO 122D. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 387 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years. Special Notes: This is a designated research course. One of the following courses is a strongly recommended prerequisite: BIO 234/BIO 235, BIO 332/BIO 333, BIO 354/BIO 355.

BIO 387 • Immunology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 384.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 384 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 396 • Molecular Biology 3 Credits

Modern advanced molecular genetic research. Topics include regulation of gene expression during development, molecular biology of cancer, animal virology, eukaryotic gene organization, and methods in gene manipulation.
Prerequisites: BIO 124/BIO 124D; BIO 128/BIO 128D; CHE 224/CHE 225; one additional BIO course (BIO 332/BIO 333 is recommended). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 397 is required. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 397 • Molecular Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 396. Consists of research projects utilizing recombinant DNA/genetic engineering techniques.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 396 is required. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This is a designated research course.

BIO 399 • Introduction to Research 2 Credits

An introduction to research methodology in the biological sciences, with experience in the use of biological literature and an examination of how to distinguish and evaluate different types of scientific writing and presentations. Experience in the development of a research proposal.
Prerequisites: Major in biology or environmental science and BIO 218 or Major in biochemistry/molecular biology and BIO 124/BIO 124D and BIO 128/BIO 128D or Major in life science education, 9-12; Junior standing. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Carries cross-credit in environmental studies.

BIO 409 • Advanced Human Gross Anatomy 3 Credits

For the undergraduate pre-health professions student. A regional approach to the study of anatomy through the supervised and directed student dissection of human cadavers. Identification of detailed structures and understanding of their significance to the body.
Prerequisites: BIO 214/BIO 215 or Consent of instructor. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 410 is required. Offered: January.

BIO 410 • Advanced Human Gross Anatomy Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 409.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in BIO 409 is required. Offered: January.

BIO 481 • Internship in Biology 3-4 Credits

A learning/practicing experience in which the student applies biological understanding and skills in an off-campus professional setting.
Prerequisites: Major or minor in biology and Junior or senior standing. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

BIO 495 • Biology Seminar 2 Credits

Readings and discussions of topics that relate biology to one’s Christian faith.
Prerequisites: BIO 399; Senior standing. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BIO 496 • Biology Research 1 Credit

Students collect original data through independent laboratory research or field research under the supervision of a faculty member.
Prerequisites: BIO 399; Completion or co-completion of a designated research course; Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer. Special Notes: May be repeated once for credit. This course carries cross credit with environmental science.

BIO 497 • Advanced Biology Research 1 Credit

Working under the supervision of a faculty mentor, students analyze the results of their original research completed in BIO 496 and write up their findings in a formal scientific paper. Results are presented in class and sometimes outside venues.
Prerequisites: BIO 496 and Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

BIO 499 • Symposium 0 Credit

The presentation of scientific research or internship experience. Culminates in a departmental symposium in which students present their original research or internship experience.
Prerequisites: BIO 481 or BIO 497. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in environmental studies. This course is graded on an S/U basis.

BIOL 120 • Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology 3 Credits

An introduction to cellular and subcellular aspects of living organisms. Includes a study of basic chemistry, biological molecules, cells, enzymes, metabolism, classical genetics, and molecular genetics.
Corequisites: BIOL 120L. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 3. Special Notes: This course is an online, semester-long course only available through cross-enrollment. For more information, consult with the Advising team.

BIOL 120L • Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIOL 120.
Corequisites: BIOL 120. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 3. Special Notes: This course is an online, semester-long course only available through cross-enrollment. For more information, consult with the Advising team.

BIOL 294 • Topics in Biology 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Biology theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

BIOL 579PT • Portfolio in Biology 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Biology.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

BIOL 600 • Human Gross Anatomy & Histology 4 Credits

Human anatomy for physician assistant students takes a regional approach to the study of human anatomy. Students dissect human cadavers. Incorporated into the course content concerning anatomical structures will be a brief examination of histological structure, nervous system structure, and basic function.
Corequisites: BIOL 600L.

BIOL 600L • Human Gross Anatomy and Histology Lab 2 Credits

Laboratory experience accompanying BIOL 600.
Corequisites: BIOL 600. Special Notes: This course includes a $50 fee.

BIOL 610 • Human Medical Physiology 3 Credits

Geared toward graduate students to learn and gain knowledge in the physiological principles. These concepts are essential for further progress in understanding mechanisms of disease and body systems. This understanding is essential for clinical medicine. Weekly problem solving discussions will emphasize clinical application of physiologic concepts.

BIOL 620 • Pharmacology & Therapeutics I 3 Credits

This is the first course in a series of three clinical pharmacology courses taught in a systems-based approach with the Clinical Medicine series. Exploration of clinical implications of pharmacology for these topics (but not limited to): hematologic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, genitourinary, and renal.
Prerequisites: BIOL 600, BIOL 600L, BIOL 610, PHAS 601, PHAS 601L, PHAS 611.

BIOL 621 • Medical Pathophysiology I 2 Credits

This is the first of three pathophysiology courses offered concurrently with the Clinical Medicine series. Pathophysiology at the molecular, cellular, organ, and total body levels will be applied in each organ system. Systems covered include, but are not limited to: hematologic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, genitourinary, and renal.
Prerequisites: BIOL 600, BIOL 600L, BIOL 610, PHAS 601, PHAS 601L, PHAS 612.

BIOL 630 • Pharmacology & Therapeutics II 4 Credits

This is the second course in a series of three clinical pharmacology courses taught in a systems-based approach with the Clinical Medicine series. Exploration of clinical implications of pharmacology for these topics (but not limited to); dermatologic, endocrine, neurologic, psychiatric, musculoskeletal/ rheumatologic, gastrointestinal, and geriatric.
Prerequisites: BIOL 620.

BIOL 631 • Medical Pathophysiology II 2 Credits

This is the second of three pathophysiology courses offered concurrently with the Clinical Medicine series. Pathophysiology at the molecular, cellular, organ, and total body levels will be discussed in each body system. Systems covered include (but are not limited to); dermatologic, endocrine, neurologic, psychiatric, musculoskeletal/rheumatologic, gastrointestinal, and geriatric.
Prerequisites: BIOL 621.

BIOL 640 • Pharmacology and Therapeutics III 2 Credits

This is the third course in a series of three clinical pharmacology courses taught in a systems-based approach with the Clinical Medicine series. Exploration of clinical implications of pharmacology focusing on, but not limited to, these areas: women’s health, pediatrics, surgery, ENT/ophthalmology/allergy, and emergency medicine.
Prerequisites: BIOL 630.

BIOL 694 • Topics in Biology 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Biology theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

BT 510 • Biblical Hermeneutics 4 Credits

Interpret Scripture by analyzing author, text, and reader relationships. Apply exegetical methods to biblical books within cultural and literary contexts. Summarize overarching biblical narratives and apply scriptural messages to contemporary contexts while engaging human diversity respectfully.

BT 615 • Exegesis and Biblical Theology 4 Credits

Exegesis of Old and New Testament texts. Tracing and synthesizing of select themes throughout biblical literature and the developing storyline of Scripture. Evaluation of personal assumptions and framework. Application of scriptural messages to contemporary contexts.
Prerequisites: BT 510 and NT 516 or OT 516.

BT 670 • Directed Study in Biblical Theology 1-9 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with program faculty.
Prerequisites: BT 510 and Consent of instructor.

BT 697 • Thesis Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment; required when the thesis course is incomplete. The extension allows students continued access to university resources. Student must be registered in an extension course at the time the dissertation is granted final approval and receives a grade.
A course fee of $375 applies to this course.

BT 699PT • Portfolio in Biblical Theology 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Biblical Theology.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

BT 772 • Seminar in Biblical Theology 1,2 Credit

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular biblical theology or Old and/or New Testaments theme.
Prerequisites: BT 510. Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

BT 774 • Seminar in Biblical Theology 4 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular biblical theology or Old and/or New Testaments theme.
Prerequisites: BT 510. Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

BT 795A • Thesis Proposal 2 Credits

Development of a thesis proposal and prospectus. Survey of existing research and delineation of tentative argument and preliminary bibliography. To be developed in consultation and under supervision of a faculty member as thesis advisor.
Grade exceptions: This course is graded Pass/Fail. Special Notes: Approval of faculty member in relevant discipline is required.

BT 795B • Thesis Writing 4 Credits

Implementation of research plan, under the supervision of thesis advisor and with input from a second reader. To include survey of existing research and thesis that is well argued and supported by the literature.
Prerequisites: BT 795A.

BT 899PT • Portfolio in Biblical Theology 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Biblical Theology.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

BUS 100 • Business Calculus 2 Credits

A non-trigonometric-based introduction to the concepts of the derivative and integral with a focus on application in business and economics.
Prerequisites: At least two years of high school algebra. Offered: Spring.

BUS 101 • Introduction to Business 4 Credits

Introduction to business and business strategy within the global economic environment. Identification of business structures, market strategies, and the concepts of leadership and management. Exploration of key business functions, typical roles, entry points, and career paths. Application of business evaluation and problem-solving within a Christian worldview.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 102 • Foundations for Careers in Business 1 Credit

Explores the field of business through a career lens. Develops practical professional skills such as self-awareness, goal identification, teamwork, presenting, listening, and time management. Equips students with personal agency for their future success.
Offered: Fall, Occasionally January, Spring.

BUS 104 • Fundamentals of Business and Technology 4 Credits

Examination of business management and leadership styles applied to management and operations strategy. Analysis of how political, economic, social, technological and environmental factors impact functions of business in American and global contexts. Exploration of marketing, entrepreneurship, and small business ownership. Application of Christian and personal perspectives to ethical business dilemmas.

BUS 106 • Introduction to Business Applications 1 Credit

A basic understanding of business applications software. Students gain a working knowledge of word processing, presentation software, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, and Internet research.
Offered: Fall, Occasionally January, Spring.

BUS 130 • Business Problem Solving 2 Credits

Builds a foundation for understanding and solving business problems. Introduces business concepts and terminology, along with skills needed to solve common business problems. Emphasizes how to identify problems and then apply tools and techniques to solve them. Encourages the development of critical-thinking and decision-making skills needed for success in business.
Offered: Spring.

BUS 201M • Business Math & Statistics 4 Credits

Fundamental mathematical and statistical concepts and skills. Mathematical topics include algebra, percentages, ratios, markup/markdown, and interest. Statistical topics include descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression analysis, and basic inferential statistics. Emphasizes real-world scenarios and practical problem-solving skills, analysis and interpretation of data, and the use of relevant software.
Offered: Fall, Occasionally January, Spring. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for both BUS 201M and PSY 230M, MAT 207M or AHS 250M.

BUS 202Z • Introduction to International Business 4 Credits

An introduction to international business involving off-campus study exposing students to critical concepts and the day-to-day practice of global business. Students interact with a culture through a series of activities. The countries under study vary from year to year.
Prerequisites: GES 104. Offered: January

BUS 210 • Financial Accounting 4 Credits

Basic financial accounting concepts and their application to the recording and reporting of business events.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: It is recommended students take BUS 106 prior to BUS 210.

BUS 211 • Managerial Accounting 2 Credits

An introduction to managerial accounting concepts, product/service costing, profitability analysis, budgeting, and performance evaluation. Focus on using financial information for decision-making.
Prerequisites: BUS 210. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 212 • Personal Finance 2 Credits

Management and planning of personal and family finances. Emphasizes budgeting, investments, individual income tax, and insurance.
Offered: January, Spring.

BUS 213 • Personal Financial Literacy 4 Credits

Explores fundamental personal financial management topics. Enables learners to make values-based financial decisions. Uses a variety of tools to evaluate risk and make choices regarding debt management, savings, budgeting, investing, and long-range personal financial planning.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 220 • Principles of Marketing 4 Credits

Role of marketing in society and the economy. The business firm as a marketing system. Management of the firm’s marketing effort.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 230 • Managing Organizations and People 4 Credits

Fundamentals of managerial activities: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizations. Overview of human resource management and how employment laws impact the workplace.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 232 • Innovation and Entrepreneurship 4 Credits

Practical problems associated with starting and operating a small business, including feasibility analysis, innovation, entrepreneurship, legal and financial aspects, accounting, marketing, and personnel management.
Prerequisites: BUS 220 and BUS 230. Offered: Spring.

BUS 306 • Public Administration 2 Credits

How public policy is put into effect through governmental administrative agencies, the management problems of such agencies, and their relations with the public.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: Carries cross-credit in political science. POS 100 is a recommended prerequisite.

BUS 309 • Brand Management 2 Credits

Theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for successful management of brands and the creation of strategies that build and preserve brand equity. Introduces qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluating brand equity, brand strategy at different stages of the product life cycle, developing brand positioning, managing total brand experience and brand relevance.
Prerequisites: BUS 220. Offered: Fall.

BUS 310 • Intermediate Accounting I 4 Credits

Theories of accounting, accounting practice related to current asset measurement, and reporting. Analysis and evaluation of the measurement and reporting on noncurrent assets and current liabilities.
Prerequisites: BUS 210. Offered: Fall.

BUS 311 • Intermediate Accounting II 4 Credits

Current and alternative accounting theories relating to long-term liabilities, stockholders’ equity, special income determination problems, and other accounting topics of current interest.
Prerequisites: BUS 310. Offered: Spring.

BUS 314 • Taxation of Individuals 2 Credits

Current tax law as it pertains to individuals. Includes an overview of taxation and tax planning.
Prerequisites: BUS 210. Offered: Fall.

BUS 315 • Sales and Sales Management 2 Credits

The concepts and practices of selling and sales management. Provides a guide for preparing sales presentations, one-on-one selling techniques, persuasive communication, oral and verbal presentation skills useful for one-to-one presentations, and the unique concepts of managing a sales team.
Prerequisites: BUS 220. Offered: Fall.

BUS 317 • Business Analytics 4 Credits

Descriptive and predictive analytics of data and facts to decision-making in business. Techniques of advanced data visualization, use of Excel in analytics, hypothesis testing, and machine learning methods like multiple regression analysis, classification methods and cluster analysis. Uses a variety of business analytics software.
Prerequisites: Junior standing; BUS 201M or MAT 332. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 318G • Global Marketing 4 Credits

Study of marketing concepts and decision-making processes relative to individuals and firms engaged in the global marketplace. An examination of key strategies of global marketing and mission-critical variables including cultural distinctives, role of language and values, politics and laws, pricing norms, product values, and promotional environment.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course and BUS 220. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 319 • Advertising and Promotion 2 Credits

Principles and techniques of advertising, sales promotion, and public relations. Consideration of customer motivation, ad copy, physical layout of ads and promotional pieces, media selection, advertising budgets, and coordination of advertising and sales promotion campaigns.
Prerequisites: BUS 220. Offered: Spring.

BUS 321 • Marketing Research 4 Credits

Marketing research methods, including design, sampling, data collection, and report writing. A research design project is an integral part of the course.
Prerequisites: BUS 201M and BUS 220. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 324 • Consumer Behavior 4 Credits

A systematic examination of the behavioral, economic, cultural, and systemic factors that influence the behavior of the consumer. Students read relevant research in consumer behavior and design and complete a series of projects exploring major course topics.
Prerequisites: BUS 220. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 325 • Business Analysis and Database Management 4 Credits

An understanding of business analysis principles, practices, tools, and techniques. Real-world applications involving the use of Enterprise Business Applications and an Agile project management approach.
Prerequisites: BUS 106 and BUS 230. Offered: Fall.

BUS 326 • Business Information Systems 3 Credits

Business information systems and their role in today's organizations. Explores computing hardware, security, networking, databases, enterprise application software, business analysis, project management, and other technology necessary for effective organizations. Strengthens proficiency in business applications.
Prerequisites: BUS 106. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 327 • Marketing and Management in Spain 4 Credits

Theoretical and practical concepts of marketing and management in the semi-globalized world. The significant challenges globalization presents to management and marketing, specifically in the context of Spain. Business terminology and reality in a Spanish business environment.
Prerequisites: (SPA 202SU or SPA 202UZ) or SPA 261S. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course is only offered as part of the Semester in Segovia program. This course carries cross credit in languages and cultures. This class is taught and assignments are completed in Spanish.

BUS 329 • Student Managed Investment Fund 1 Credit

Students develop investment-related skills, including but not limited to wealth management, relationship management, marketing, operations, performance reporting, quantitative analysis, and economic analysis. These skills are applied as part of the student-managed investment fund and the Royals Investment Fund, LLC (the Fund).
Prerequisites: BUS 210; BUS 344 (may be taken concurrently) and selection by the faculty advisor through an application and interview process; Additional prerequisite for Chief Investment Officer and Fund Managers: BUS 390. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

BUS 330 • Compensation and Benefits 4 Credits

Compensation and reward practices in organizations’ wage and salary administration. Theories of design and implementation of pay programs using job evaluation, salary surveys, job and skill-based pay, incentive pay, benefits and other reward systems.
Prerequisites: BUS 201M (may be taken concurrently); BUS 230; BUS 344 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Fall.

BUS 331 • Staffing, Onboarding, and Training 4 Credits

Explore methods for recruiting and selecting employees, orienting them to an organization, using training to properly equip them for their positions, and facilitating career development. Hands-on approach to designing and conducting interviews and training. Students design a portfolio with staffing, training, and onboarding outcomes.
Prerequisites: BUS 230. Offered: Fall.

BUS 333 • Entrepreneurship Strategies and Tools 4 Credits

Strategic and tactical tools associated with starting and operating a small or entrepreneurial business. Students develop an understanding of how to move from the development of a business plan to actually financing and running a small business.
Prerequisites: BUS 210; BUS 232; ECO 202; ECO 203. Offered: Fall.

BUS 334 • Classic Project Management 2 Credits

Theory and practice of effective project management, including project planning, risk analysis, execution/implementation, and control. Explores project management styles, critical success factors, organizational support systems, project authority and politics, and ethics in project execution. Project management software to develop and track project plans for case studies and project simulations utilized.
Prerequisites: BUS 230, COM 248, or COS 277. Offered: Spring.

BUS 335 • Employee and Organization Development 4 Credits

Factors that influence the effectiveness of organizations. Explores methods for diagnosing organizational health and designing interventions for the individual (employee relations; motivation; diversity, equity and inclusion; work-related attitudes), group (teamwork, conflict, cooperation, collaboration), and organizational (culture, change, leadership) levels in order to implement planned organizational change.
Prerequisites: BUS 230. Offered: Spring.

BUS 336 • Agile Project Management 2 Credits

Fundamentals of agile project management principles and best practices. Students are exposed to the Agile Manifesto, core principles, the mindset required, and the tools needed to successfully implement Agile. The Scrum framework and project management tools will be explored. Agile will be contrasted with the classical planned/waterfall methodology.
Prerequisites: BUS 230, COM 248, or COS 277. Offered: Spring.

BUS 337 • Human Resources with Analytics 2 Credits

Evaluate in-depth Human Resource functions developing strategic decision making. Use data and various metrics to understand possible real-world solutions.
Prerequisites: BUS 230 or COM 248 if a non-business department student. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 344 • Managerial Finance 4 Credits

Principles of financial management, including financial analysis, capital structures, working capital management, and investment decisions.
Prerequisites: BUS 210. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 352 • Financial Modeling & Valuation 4 Credits

Builds on principles of finance through the use of case studies and Excel modeling to identify, quantify, and manage business risks. Includes developing and utilizing intermediate-level financial analysis skills, critical-thinking objectives, and demonstration of an ability to synthesize material into a defined model of financial valuation.
Prerequisites: BUS 344. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 357 • Principles of Digital Marketing 2 Credits

Study of digital marketing strategy, content development, and media channels to help students leverage digital techniques and understand how they integrate with the marketing plan as a whole. Students design and analyze digital campaigns within a team environment. Best practices leveraged as the digital marketplace evolves.
Prerequisites: BUS 220. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit in communication studies.

BUS 361 • Business Law 2 Credits

An introduction to the legal aspects and general structure of business dealings. Topics include an overview of the American legal system, general contract law, pertinent aspects of the Uniform Commercial Code, and various forms of business organizations. Some aspects of employment and real estate law are also covered.
Prerequisites: BUS 230 and one other 200-level business course. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 362 • Taxation of Business Entities 2 Credits

Current tax law as it pertains to business entities such as corporations and partnerships.
Prerequisites: BUS 314 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Fall.

BUS 390 • Investments 4 Credits

Characteristics and interrelationships of investments, the operation and regulation of the markets, analysis of risk and return, valuation of speculative assets, portfolio planning, and timing and trading strategies.
Prerequisites: BUS 344. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 410 • Advanced Accounting 4 Credits

Principles and problems relating to partnerships, international accounting, consolidated financial statements, corporate mergers, and governmental accounting.
Prerequisites: BUS 311 and all business core courses except BUS 481. Offered: Fall.

BUS 414 • Auditing Principles and Procedures 4 Credits

Auditing objectives, standards, and procedures employed in the examination of business enterprises and verification of their financial statements. Includes an evaluation of internal control, preparation of work papers, report writing, professional ethics, and current trends.
Prerequisites: BUS 311 and All business core courses except BUS 481 and Senior standing. Offered: Spring.

BUS 416 • Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Business 4 Credits

Techniques in machine learning and artificial intelligence with business applications. Topics include data wrangling, supervised machine learning methods, deep learning, model selection, evaluation metrics, and time series forecasting. Applications include forecasting sales and revenue, predicting and classifying business outcomes. Emphasizes practical learning through real-world data, case studies, and industry-relevant software.
Prerequisites: BUS 317; BUS 100 or MAT 124M; COS 101 or COS 111; Senior standing. Offered: Spring.

BUS 417 • Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Seminar 4 Credits

Capstone course in Analytics and Artificial Intelligence emphasis. Integrates theories and practices learned in other courses through casework and practical exercises focused on equipping students to enter the Artificial Intelligence, Business Analysis, Business Analytics, and Business Consulting markets. Examines ethical questions that influence decision-making.
Prerequisites: BUS 317; BUS 325; all business core courses except BUS 481. Offered: Spring.

BUS 420 • Marketing Seminar 4 Credits

Capstone course in the marketing emphasis. Main course elements include case study analysis where students integrate prior course knowledge with relevant brand examples. Students utilize critical and ethical analysis of marketing practices and develop marketing strategies and plans with a real client.
Prerequisites: BUS 318G; BUS 321; BUS 324 and all business core courses except BUS 481 and Senior standing. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 430 • Strategic Management 4 Credits

Strategy formulation and implementation for operational management. Includes data analysis and critical thinking decision-making. Complete a simulation with a competitive business strategy. Case analysis of real-world organizations.
Prerequisites: All business core courses except BUS 481. Offered: Spring.

BUS 440 • Capital Markets 4 Credits

Comprehensive overview of the capital markets with an emphasis on major financial institutions and international financial centers. Evaluation of managing risk within the context of the capital markets in both a domestic and a global economy.
Prerequisites: BUS 390 or MAT 309. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 470 • Finance Seminar 4 Credits

Capstone course in the Finance emphasis. Systematic examination of financial, economic, cultural, ethical, and systemic factors that influence financial decision making. Through a case study approach, students integrate the theories and practices learned in other finance courses. Use of Excel to complete detailed analysis.
Prerequisites: BUS 352 or BUS 390; Senior standing. Offered: Fall, Spring.

BUS 475 • Innovation and Entrepreneurship Seminar 4 Credits

Development of an individualized and intensive personal business plan as a major course project. Plan is submitted to a panel of entrepreneurs to evaluate as part of a competition. Includes ethical discussions, entrepreneurial guest speakers, and case analyses of entrepreneurial ventures.
Prerequisites: BUS 333 and All business core courses except BUS 481. Offered: Spring.

BUS 481 • Internship in Business 3-4 Credits

A learning/practicing experience to apply understanding and skills in an off-campus professional setting. Includes participation in an online course with weekly assignments.
Prerequisites: Major or minor within the business department; Completion of 20 credits of BUS/ECO courses; Consent of department. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis. May not be transferred into Bethel.

BUS 491 • Capstone 4 Credits

Solve a business problem using functional business knowledge. Demonstrate communication, career exploration, and mastery of functional areas. Complete industry-recognized certifications to showcase specialized skills and knowledge.
Prerequisites: All business core courses except BUS 481 and Senior standing. Offered: Spring

BUS 493 • Capstone: Effective Human Resources Practices 4 Credits

Integration of theories and practices learned in other courses through casework and practical exercises focused on equipping students to enter the HR labor market. Examines ethical questions that influence HR decision making.
Prerequisites: BUS 337 and All business core courses except BUS 481 and Senior standing in the Managing Organizations and Human Resources emphasis. Offered: Spring.

BUSN 104 • Introduction to Business 4 Credits

Examination of business management and leadership styles applied to management and operations strategy. Analysis of how political, economic, social, technological and environmental factors impact functions of business in American and global contexts. Exploration of marketing, entrepreneurship, and small business ownership. Application of Christian and personal perspectives to ethical business dilemmas.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 2.

BUSN 115 • Personal Financial Literacy 4 Credits

Exploration of personal financial literacy, ethical principles, and both short and long term goals. Understanding of financial budgets and their connection to decision making. Application of various money management concepts to make personal financial decisions in the areas of borrowing, saving, and investing.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 4.

BUSN 118 • Introduction to Business Programming 2 Credits

Exploration of the evolution and categories of programming languages. Application of testing and debugging techniques. Use of object-oriented programming and dynamic scripting languages. Connection of programming languages to the language of the Bible using a Christian or personal worldview.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing.

BUSN 200 • Business Problem Solving 2 Credits

Builds a foundation for understanding and solving business problems. Introduces business concepts and terminology, along with skills needed to solve common business problems. Identifies problems and the application of tools and techniques in solving these problems. Encourages the development of critical-thinking and decision-making skills needed for success in business.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 2.

BUSN 220 • Management Information Systems 4 Credits

Use word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, databases, and desktop publishing. Apply Systems Development Lifecycle to real-world cases. Analyze information security risks, visualize data, and examine ethical issues in information management from a Christian or personal perspective.

BUSN 225H • Business Ethics 2 Credits

Application of business ethical theories to ethical dilemmas and responsible courses of action. Application of ethical decision-making to business. Examination of influences that ethics and faith have on personal and professional decisions. Improvement of skills in developing and supporting an ethical position through writing.

BUSN 294 • Topics in Business: 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Business theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

BUSN 301 • Foundations of Business Management 4 Credits

Analyzes key managerial functions, organizational behavior, and leadership. Evaluates global, political, legal, sociocultural, and demographic factors. Applies decision-making, communication, and DEI concepts. Explains how mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics inform management.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing or above.

BUSN 302 • Human Resource Management 2 Credits

Apply HR strategies for talent acquisition, employee relations, compensation, and benefits. Evaluate training and development, legal compliance, and risk management. Integrate Christian perspectives and prepare for Associate Professional in HR Certification.

BUSN 308 • Strategic Management and Planning 4 Credits

Evaluate internal and external forces affecting organizations. Apply strategic planning principles to historical and current business challenges. Analyze functional areas to implement effective strategies and solutions.

BUSN 310 • Global Management and Leadership 2 Credits

Analyze social, cultural, political, legal, and economic factors in global business. Examine international trade, emerging markets, and export strategies. Address political risk, international law, business ownership, and multicultural communication.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 5. Special Notes: BUSN 323 is a recommended prerequisite.

BUSN 314 • Intermediate Macroeconomics 2 Credits

Macroeconomic theory and applications. Economic models that explain the behavior of output, inflation, employment, interest rates, exchange rates, and other aggregate economic variables. Apply macroeconomic models to global events.
Prerequisites: ECON 203. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Areas 2, 5.

BUSN 315 • Business Analytics 4 Credits

Measure uncertainty, summarize data, and apply predictive analytics. Develop proficiency with analytics software and interpret findings. Integrate Christian or personal ethics in business decision-making.
Prerequisites: MATH 201 and Sophomore standing.

BUSN 320 • Professional Project Management 4 Credits

Plan and manage projects using traditional and agile frameworks. Communicate stakeholder requirements, align scope, schedule, and resources. Explore ethics, professional conduct, and prepare for PMI Project Management Ready certification.

BUSN 323 • Marketing Fundamentals 4 Credits

Analyze marketing strategy, segmentation, pricing, branding, and targeting. Apply product development, promotional tactics, and social media tools. Integrate ethics and social responsibility from a Christian or personal perspective.

BUSN 332 • Business Analysis and Database Management 4 Credits

Apply business analysis and database techniques, including SQL. Conduct elicitation, lifecycle management, and problem-solving. Analyze impacts of data mining, warehousing, and big data. Integrate Christian or personal ethical principles.
Prerequisites: BUSN 315, MATH 201.

BUSN 335 • Business Law 4 Credits

Apply legal rules for personal, real, and intellectual property. Analyze contract, sales, and consumer law. Evaluate business structures and ethical issues from a Christian or personal perspective. Assess technology’s impact on law.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 5.

BUSN 340 • Operations and Supply Chain Management 2 Credits

Analyze supply chains, performance, and quality improvements. Identify risks and mitigations. Apply Christian or personal perspectives to operations and supply chain management while emphasizing relationships with stakeholders.

BUSN 379PT • Portfolio in Business 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Business.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

BUSN 380 • Strategic Management in Healthcare 4 Credits

Builds foundational understanding of healthcare delivery management systems. Determination of which systems best align with an organization’s mission. Application studies on both Lean and TQM management styles completed. Exploration of how managers build teams in highly regulated environments and ensure work is completed in practical, compliant, and efficient ways.
Prerequisites: Major in business management.

BUSN 385 • Healthcare Leadership 4 Credits

Develop healthcare leadership principles by analyzing organizational vision, values, and team-building strategies. Formulate approaches for staff management and resource stewardship. Conduct information interviews for experiential and market-relevant learning.
Prerequisites: Major in business management.

BUSN 387 • Healthcare Law and Ethics 2 Credits

Evaluate legal and ethical issues in healthcare, including informed consent, risk mitigation, and malpractice liability. Examine corporate governance and accountability at community, state, and federal levels.
Prerequisites: Major in business management.

BUSN 389 • Finance Systems in Healthcare 4 Credits

Analyze healthcare reimbursement systems and their intersection with service delivery. Apply analytics to assess cost, cost-sharing, and pricing. Explore hospital financial operations, governance, and operational compliance using information interviews.
Prerequisites: Major in business management.

BUSN 426 • Predictive Data Analytics 4 Credits

Apply predictive analytics to business decisions using software and AI tools. Develop skills in data visualization, dashboarding, prediction, classification, and clustering. Integrate ethical considerations from a Christian perspective. Prepare for Microsoft Office Specialist Expert and Tableau Desktop certifications.
Prerequisites: BUSN 315, MATH 201.

BUSN 481 • Academic Internship in Business Management 2-4 Credits

A learning/practicing experience in a government, social organization or agency, church, or business environment where the student applies a body of knowledge and skills in a structured, non-classroom setting. See Individualized Study for policy.
Prerequisites: BUSN 301.

BUSN 491 • Business Capstone 4 Credits

Solve a business problem using functional business knowledge. Demonstrate communication, career exploration, and mastery of functional areas. Complete industry-recognized certifications to showcase specialized skills and knowledge.
Prerequisites: 10 courses from ACCT200-489, BUSN200-489, FINA200-489. Special Notes: BUSN 320 is a recommended prerequisite.

BUSN 579PT • Portfolio in Business 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Business.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

BUSN 615 • Managerial Accounting 3 Credits

Examination of key managerial accounting concepts and their applications in modern organizations. Exploration of best practices and emerging trends in accounting with a focus on managerial decisions. Research of topics and cases may include ethics, environmental accounting, long-term versus short-term profitability, constraint management, technology, cost structures, and controls.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

BUSN 625 • Managerial Finance 3 Credits

Exploration of the managerial finance discipline in business to include international and ethical implications. Topics include financial statement analysis, budgeting, risk and return analysis, capital structure and dividend policy, financing alternatives, and international finance. Extensive utilization of spreadsheets and decision-making in solving problems and cases will be required.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611, BUSN 615.

BUSN 626 • Contemporary Topics in Finance 3 Credits

Examination of key advanced topics that enhance financial management concepts and their applications in modern organizations. Application of strategies related to current events and emerging trends with a focus on the potential of impacting current and future financial and corporate management decisions.

BUSN 627 • Advanced Managerial Finance 3 Credits

Synthesis and evaluation of financial decisions built upon various business issues such as operations, marketing, accounting, human resources, and labor for short-and long-term company improvements. Identification of how faith-based beliefs and company culture impact team decisions.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611, BUSN 625.

BUSN 628 • Global Finance 3 Credits

Exploration of complexities resulting from the interconnected nature of the global economy. Examination of challenges faced by organizations as they consider conducting business globally during the next decade. Integration of personal faith and ethical thinking with global financial strategies.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

BUSN 641 • Advanced Competitive Advantage 3 Credits

Evaluates examples of competitive advantage in use around the world. Explores the general drivers that create and sustain competitive advantage. Evaluates competitive strategy from a perspective that encompasses both internal and external realities. Explores how to maintain competitive advantage in light of moves by competitors.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

BUSN 642 • Innovation & Entrepreneurship 3 Credits

Exploration of the interplay between innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategy. Evaluation of new products and services for start-ups and within existing organizations. Examination of how organizational culture can both foster and hinder innovation and entrepreneurship. Analysis of the relationship between personal faith, ethics, and entrepreneurship.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

BUSN 643 • Strategy Execution 3 Credits

Examination of the research on the causes of failed strategy versus successful execution. Identification of both leadership and organizational best practices leading to successful strategic initiatives. Exploration of the intersection of ethics, faith, and implementation of strategy.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

BUSN 645 • Marketing Management 3 Credits

Evaluation of market research and effectiveness of various marketing strategies. Analysis of emerging trends that influence marketing strategy decisions. Integration of the impact of globalization on international marketing practices. Distinguish between ethical and unethical marketing practices. Application of marketing concepts in light of a personal faith and the Christian worldview.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

BUSN 652 • Global Operations Management 3 Credits

Focus is on a foundation of the globalization of a firm's operations including the production of goods and services, supply chain management, and global distribution. A review of political and societal issues associated with strategic global operations will be undertaken with particular focus on several global cultures.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611. Special Notes: Students cannot earn credit for both BUSN 652 and BUSN 660.

BUSN 660 • Operations Management 3 Credits

Evaluate operational management, legal, and regulatory issues across organizational lifecycles. Apply quality models (Six Sigma, Lean) to improve efficiency. Design plans for projects, production, technology, and outsourcing. Distinguish operational processes from functions while integrating faith and ethics.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611. Special Notes: Students cannot earn credit for both BUSN 652 and BUSN 660.

BUSN 665 • Managing Projects and Quality Initiatives 3 Credits

Analyze project management theory, human behavior, and processes impacting project success. Apply best practices and tools to manage projects effectively. Integrate cultural and diversity intelligence to enhance competitive advantage.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611, LEAD 641. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit with SLDR 615.

BUSN 680 • Business Strategy 3 Credits

Analysis of the fundamental elements of organizational strategy. Evaluation of the influences on an organization's strategy and the ability of an organization to achieve its strategy given its characteristics. Integration of ethical thinking and personal faith principles with strategy. Analysis of issues impacting strategic planning in organizations.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611. Coaching fee $100

BUSN 694 • Topics in Business 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Business theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

BUSN 789 • MBA Portfolio Deliverable 0 Credit

Synthesis of key learnings from the MBA program, including a reconsideration of earlier work, leadership theories and growth concepts, and the development of a professional portfolio.
Prerequisites: LEAD 611, LEAD 641, LEAD 651, LEAD 661, LEAD 671. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

CF 510 • Introduction to Children's, Youth and Family Ministry 4 Credits

Exploration of the biblical foundations of ministry to children, youth, and families will be addressed in this course. Examination of current theories, contemporary models, developmental perspectives, and biblical, practical and ethical considerations of evangelism of children and youth in the local and global context.

CF 610 • Ministry with Families Throughout the Life Cycle 4 Credits

Explores church ministry with families, emphasizing leadership that strengthens family life and nurtures faith at home. Analyzes family types, relationships, and the family life cycle to identify educational opportunities. Applies practical models and ministry strategies to support families across life stages.

CF 620 • The Teaching Learning Process 4 Credits

Examines theological, biblical, and philosophical foundations of Christian teaching. Applies curricular theory to ministry contexts and develops original lessons for children, youth, and families. Assesses personal learning and teaching styles, evaluates curricula, and practices peer and self-review skills transferable to teacher training and leadership.
A participation fee is associated with this course.

CF 630 • Leadership in Children's, Youth, and Family Ministry 4 Credits

Explores theological and biblical foundations for ministry to children, including at-risk youth. Analyzes leadership character, skills, and strategy while assessing organizational culture and dynamics. Develops team-building and staff-development techniques, applies management strategies, and evaluates personal and professional growth in ministry leadership.

CF 670 • Directed Study in Children's and Family Ministries 1-9 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with the professor.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.

CF 699PT • Portfolio in Children's and Family Ministry 0.5-6 Credits

Portfolio course of preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Children's and Family Ministry.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

CF 772 • Seminar in Children's, Youth, and Family Ministry 2 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Children's, Youth, and Family Ministry theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills DMin elective requirements.

CF 774 • Seminar in Children's, Youth, and Family Ministry 4 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Children's, Youth, and Family Ministry theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills DMin elective requirements.

CF 899PT • Portfolio in Children's and Family Ministry 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Children's and Family Ministry.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

CHE 101 • Introduction to Chemistry 3 Credits

Overview of atoms–their composition, ability to form bonds, and to interact as molecules. Open to all students but tailored for nursing and allied health fields.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 101D is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

CHE 101D • Introduction to Chemistry Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying CHE 101.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 101 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

CHE 113 • General Chemistry I 3 Credits

Chemical properties and principles, structure and reactivity, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, atomic and molecular theory, and states of matter.
Prerequisites: Advanced high-school algebra. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 113D is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: High school chemistry (with a grade of B or higher) or CHE 101/CHE 101D are strongly recommended prerequisites.

CHE 113D • General Chemistry I Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying CHE 113 to improve experimental skills such as accurate observation, data collection, and analysis while mastering techniques used by chemists for the precise measurements of mass, volume, and concentration. Small group collaboration and experimental design are included.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 113 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

CHE 200 • Laboratory Safety and Chemical Hygiene 1 Credit

High standards of safety and chemical hygiene make the science laboratory a safe, comfortable, interesting place to work. Standards and federal/state guidelines pertaining to safety and hygiene in the laboratory are reviewed.
Prerequisites: CHE 113/CHE 113D. Offered: Fall, Spring.

CHE 214 • General Chemistry II 3 Credits

Study of solutions, chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, solution equilibria, acids and bases, electrochemistry, descriptive inorganic chemistry, and nuclear chemistry.
Prerequisites: CHE 113/CHE 113D with a C or higher. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 215 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

CHE 215 • General Chemistry II Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying CHE 214.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 214 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

CHE 224 • Organic Chemistry I 3 Credits

Structure, nomenclature, function, and reactivity of organic compounds. Topics include bonding theory, acid-base reactions, conformational analysis, stereochemistry, nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions, addition reactions, radical reactions, organic reaction mechanisms, and energy relations.
Prerequisites: CHE 214/CHE 215 with a C or higher. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 225 is required. Offered: Fall.

CHE 225 • Organic Chemistry I Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying CHE 224.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 224 is required. Offered: Fall.

CHE 226 • Organic Chemistry II 3 Credits

Continues Organic Chemistry I by exploring the structure, nomenclature, function, and reactivity of additional organic compounds. Topics include the reactions of aromatic and carbonyl containing compounds, carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, multi-step synthesis, and polymer chemistry. The chemistry of biological compounds such as carbohydrates, DNA, proteins, and lipids is also studied.
Prerequisites: CHE 224/CHE 225. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 227 is required. Offered: Spring.

CHE 227 • Organic Chemistry II Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying CHE 226. Includes single- and multi-step synthesis, purification, and identification of organic compounds. Infrared spectroscopy, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and computational chemistry used to explore the outcomes of organic reactions and their mechanisms.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 226 is required. Offered: Spring.

CHE 304 • Essentials of Biochemistry 3 Credits

A survey of the structure, function, interactions, and chemical properties of the four major macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Examination of primary metabolic pathways, bioenergetics, regulation, and homeostasis.
Prerequisites: CHE 224/CHE 225; BIO 120/BIO 120D or BIO 124/BIO 124D. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: Not open to students who have taken CHE 388/CHE 389.

CHE 312 • Quantitative Analysis 3 Credits

Principles and practice of modern quantitative analysis. Acid-base and ionic equilibria. Statistics, method selection and development, chromatography, and electrochemistry.
Prerequisites: CHE 214/CHE 215. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 313 is required. Offered: Spring.

CHE 313 • Quantitative Analysis Lab 1 Credit

Fundamental quantitative analysis techniques laboratory experience accompanying CHE 312. Topics include solution preparation, statistics, titrations, spectroscopy, and chromatography.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 312 is required. Offered: Spring.

CHE 320 • Instrumental Analysis 3 Credits

Methods of instrumental analysis. Study of chemical and physical principles and practical application of spectroscopy, spectrometry, chromatography and electroanalysis. Fundamental electronic circuitry and computer data acquisition and control.
Prerequisites: CHE 226/CHE 227 or CHE 312/CHE 313. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

CHE 344 • Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Statistical Mechanics 3 Credits

Physical chemistry of the laws of thermodynamics and their application to phase and chemical equilibria. Chemical kinetics of reaction rates and reaction mechanisms. Statistical mechanics as it relates spectroscopy with thermodynamics and kinetics.
Prerequisites: CHE 214/CHE 215; [PHY 202/PHY 202D; PHY 206/PHY 207 or PHY 292/PHY 292D; PHY 296/PHY 297]; MAT 125. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 345 is required. Offered: Fall.

CHE 345 • Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Statistical Mechanics Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying CHE 344. Includes hands-on experience with physiochemical systems and computational modeling.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 344 is required. Offered: Fall.

CHE 348 • Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy 3 Credits

Physical chemistry of the laws of quantum mechanics applied to atoms and molecules. Quantum mechanical solutions of model systems and their application to chemical spectroscopy. Methods of computational chemistry and experience with modern programs.
Prerequisites: CHE 214/CHE 215; [PHY 202/PHY 202D; PHY 206/PHY 207 or PHY 292/PHY 292D; PHY 296/PHY 297]; MAT 125. Offered: Spring, even # years.

CHE 364 • Inorganic Chemistry 3 Credits

Chemistry of elements and their compounds, including symmetry, bonding theories, solid-state chemistry, coordination compounds, organometallics, and bioinorganic compounds.
Prerequisites: CHE 224/CHE 225. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

CHE 388 • Biochemistry I 3 Credits

Physical and chemical properties of living systems with an emphasis on macromolecular interaction, structure, and function. Structure, classification, purification, and function of nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, including membrane transport and enzymology.
Prerequisites: BIO 120/BIO 120D or BIO 124/BIO 124D; CHE 226/CHE 227. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 389 is required. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: Not open to students who have taken CHE 304. BIO 128/BIO 128D is a recommended prerequisite.

CHE 389 • Biochemistry I Lab 1 Credit

Standard biochemical techniques laboratory experience accompanying CHE 388. Topics included are protein expression, protein purification, and spectrophotometric assays as well as with advanced biomolecule analysis using NMR and GC-MS.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 388 is required. Offered: Fall.

CHE 393 • Research 1-4 Credits

Utilization of the techniques and understanding of chemical principles on a term project. Use of original literature to formulate and conduct an original laboratory or computational research project under the supervision of a chemistry faculty member.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, January, Spring. Special Notes: May only be taken for credit once.

CHE 395 • Chemistry Seminar: Research and Professional Development 1 Credit

Students search the chemical literature and develop a proposal for their capstone research project. Discussion of chemical careers, graduate and professional school preparation, and ethical conduct in science.
Prerequisites: CHE 200 (may be taken concurrently); Junior standing; Major in biochemistry, chemistry, or biochemistry/molecular biology. Offered: Spring.

CHE 396 • Biochemistry II 3 Credits

Metabolic pathways, bioenergetics, metabolic regulation, and metabolism of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides). Macromolecular synthesis of RNA, DNA, and proteins, including an introduction to biotechnology.
Prerequisites: CHE 388/CHE 389. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 397 is required. Offered: Spring.

CHE 397 • Biochemistry II Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying CHE 396. Laboratory includes mammalian cell culture techniques and bioassays, and plant biochemical techniques including lipid extraction and analysis. RNA and DNA, PCR, and gene expression.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in CHE 304 or CHE 396 is required. Offered: Spring.

CHE 490 • Chemistry Seminar: Research 2 Credits

Students pursue an original research project in chemistry or biochemistry supported by a faculty mentor. Required time commitment is approximately 3.5 hours per week per credit, including a weekly meeting with faculty mentor.
Prerequisites: CHE 395 and Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring.

CHE 491 • Advanced Research 1-4 Credits

Students continue an original research project in chemistry or biochemistry supported by a faculty mentor. Required time commitment is approximately 3.5 hours per week per credit, including a weekly meeting with faculty mentor.
Prerequisites: CHE 490 and Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, January, Spring. Special Notes: This course is repeatable for credit.

CHE 492 • Chemistry Seminar: Summer Research 0 Credit

Student pursues an original research project in chemistry or biochemistry alongside a faculty mentor. Time commitment is approximately 40 hours per week for 9 weeks. Registration is limited by the availability of research funding, and requires mutual agreement of a student and faculty member.
Prerequisites: CHE 395 and Consent of Instructor. Offered: Summer.

CHE 494 • Chemistry Seminar: Research Presentation 1 Credit

Students prepare and deliver formal presentations, both oral and written, of their research results. Seminar meets weekly for discussion of current topics.
Prerequisites: CHE 490 or CHE 492. Offered: Spring.

CHEM 101 • Introduction to Chemistry 3 Credits

Overview of atoms–their composition, their ability to form bonds, and their ability to interact as molecules. Open to all students but tailored for nursing and allied health fields. Corequisites:CHEM 101L.
Fulfills: Caps Goal Area 3. Special Notes: This course is an online, semester-long course only available through cross-enrollment. For more information, consult with the Advising team.

CHEM 101L • Introduction to Chemistry Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying CHEM 101. Provides a hands-on extension of course topics in a collaborative, laboratory environment. Topics include: reactions, thermodynamics, acids and bases, nuclear decay, and others.
Corequisites: CHEM 101. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 3. Special Notes: This course is an online, semester-long course only available through cross-enrollment. For more information, consult with the Advising team..

CHEM 113 • General Chemistry 3 Credits

Chemical properties and principles, structure and reactivity, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, atomic and molecular theory, and states of matter. Laboratory includes application of these principles in exploring chemical properties and reactivity, and computer data collection and modeling.
Corequisites: CHEM 113L Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 3. Special Notes: This course is an online, semester-long course only available through cross-enrollment. For more information, consult with the Advising team..

CHEM 113L • General Chemistry Lab 1 Credit

Chemical properties and principles, structure and reactivity, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, atomic and molecular theory, and states of matter. Laboratory includes application of these principles in exploring chemical properties and reactivity, and computer data collection and modeling.
Corequisites: CHEM 113. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 3. Special Notes: Fulfills CAPS Goal Area 3 only when taken with CHEM 113. This course is an online, semester-long course only available through cross-enrollment. For more information, consult with the Advising team..

CHEM 294 • Topics in Chemistry 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Chemistry theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

CHEM 379PT • Portfolio in Chemistry 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Chemistry.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

CHL 110 • Introduction to Healthcare 2 Credits

An introduction to various health professions and the healthcare system in the United States. Emphasis on understanding the healthcare system, current issues in healthcare, and healthcare career paths. Development of healthcare literacy and navigating healthcare culture. Students examine education, training and licensure and/or certification requirements for potential careers.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

CHL 212L • Public and Community Health in the 21st Century 4 Credits

Analyze the impact of historical health events on public and community health practice in contemporary America. Evaluate how roles and responsibilities have evolved into the current public and community health system. Examine the community and public health policy process at organizational and governmental levels.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Spring.

CHL 314 • Foundations, Administration, and Evaluation of Health Education 4 Credits

Introduces the health education and health promotion professions, including historical, philosophical, and theoretical foundations of health education. Explores theories of behavior change, the responsibilities of health educators, and investigates career opportunities. Examines the theoretical and practical basis for planning, implementing, administering, and evaluating health education programs.
Prerequisites: CHL 212L. Offered: Spring.

CHL 318 • Epidemiology 4 Credits

Introduces the history, philosophy and methodology of epidemiology to identify, prevent, and control disease and health-related conditions in populations. Students collect, interpret, and communicate epidemiologic data and study results.
Prerequisites: CHL 212L. Offered: Fall, even # years.

CHL 345 • Disease Prevention and Epidemiology 4 Credits

Analysis of chronic and chronic infectious diseases, and injuries from personal, societal, and global perspectives. Focuses on the prevention, identification, and control of diseases and injuries. Examines the relationship of health promotion and lifestyle to disease and injury.
Prerequisites: CHL 212L. Offered: Fall.

CHL 493 • Public and Community Health Internship I 2 Credits

Applies academic knowledge and professional skills to achieve personal and professional goals in a 90-hour, practical, off-campus experience. The faculty instructor must approve the site during the semester before the internship. An on-line seminar meets regularly with the Bethel faculty instructor and student peers to process internship experiences and assignments.
Prerequisites: CHL 314; Major in public and community health; Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Course is graded on an S/U basis.

CHL 494 • Public and Community Health Internship II 4 Credits

Applies academic knowledge and professional skills to achieve personal and professional goals in a 180-hour, practical, off-campus experience. The faculty instructor must approve the site during the semester before the internship. An on-line seminar meets regularly with the Bethel faculty instructor and student peers to process internship experiences and assignments.
Prerequisites: CHL 314; CHL 493. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

CHMN 200 • Foundations for Vocation and Christian Ministry 2 Credits

Exploration of the Christian gospel and how it is applied through a wide range of ministry expressions today. Comparison of the ministry of Jesus with contemporary ministry practices. Reflection on personal strengths and how they apply in ministry settings, and identification of steps to continue to discern vocation and calling.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 6.

CHMN 210 • Christian Formation 2 Credits

An exploration of self in the world, based on personal experience and Christian spiritual practices. Students are challenged to think systemically about contexts of family, faith community, workplace, and broader culture as they plan for lifelong Christian formation and contribution to the well-being of others.

CHMN 240 • Paul's Letters & Church Today 3 Credits

Examination of the people, practices, and mission of the early church, with attention to the relevance and application to current church practice and mission.

CHMN 294 • Topics in Christian Ministries 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Christian Ministries theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

CHMN 300 • Foundations for Christian Ministry 3 Credits

Exploration of the Christian gospel and how it is applied through a wide range of ministry expressions today. Comparison of the ministry of Jesus with contemporary ministry practices. Reflection on personal strengths and how they apply in ministry settings, and identification of steps to continue to discern vocation and calling.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 6.

CHMN 320 • Personal Spiritual Formation 3 Credits

Introduction to the process of spiritual and personal formation. Exploration of models and themes for formation and faith development, with attention to cultural and gender dimensions of formation models and traditions. Examination of both individual and communal spiritual journeys, practices, and connections to God.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 6.

CHMN 379PT • Portfolio in Christian Ministries 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Christian Ministries.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

CHMN 410 • Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships 4 Credits

Development of a framework for leadership in ministry contexts. Evaluation of personal strengths, blindspots and interpersonal skills within leadership. Incorporation of leadership vocabulary in personal leadership practice and examination of scriptural definitions and examples of leadership. Understanding of collaborative leadership models.

CHMN 451 • Communication in Ministry 3 Credits

Introduction to the essential communication skills needed in ministry, including effective listening, storytelling, and public speaking skills. Application and evaluation of effective communication to present the gospel and its relevance in various contexts.
Prerequisites: General Education Category R course. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 1.

CHMN 452 • Christian Perspectives on Leadership 2 Credits

Development of a framework for leadership in ministry contexts. Evaluation of personal strengths, blindspots and interpersonal skills within leadership. Incorporation of leadership vocabulary in personal leadership practice and examination of scriptural definitions and examples of leadership. Understanding of collaborative leadership models.

CHMN 477 • Practical Experience Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment following the term in which an undergraduate level CHMN internship, practicum, clinical or other experiential course was taken, required when there are outstanding hours to be completed.

CM 670 • Directed Study in Community Ministry 1-6 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with the professor.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.

CM 699PT • Portfolio in Community Ministry 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Community Ministry.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

CM 772 • Seminar in Community Ministry 2 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Community Ministry theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

CM 774 • Seminar in Community Ministry 4 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Community Ministry theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

CM 899PT • Portfolio in Community Ministry 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Community Ministry.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

COM 110 • Basic Communication 4 Credits

Informal and formal communication patterns that characterize daily life, analysis of communication situations, and improvement of effective communication. Includes interpersonal, intercultural, small group, and speaker/audience communication settings.
Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

COM 130A • Producing Video for Social Media 4 Credits

Using everyday technology (e.g., cell phone, computer) to create, develop, and distribute defined messages through a unique YouTube channel. Explores image composition, visual storytelling, basic set design and lighting, editing, channel development, branding, analytics, viewership, keywords, monetization, advertising, and participatory culture. No experience with media production equipment or software required.
Offered: Summer.

COM 164 • Basic Communication Skills 4 Credits

An examination of the fundamentals of the human communication process. Emphasis on communication in these areas: interpersonal, small group, public speaking, and computer mediated. Concentration on how meaning is created, communicated, and transformed within personal, professional, and global contexts.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

COM 170A • Introduction to Media Production 4 Credits

Equips students with the most basic “hands-on” visual media production skills in which students learn the fundamentals of visual media production, including multi-camera studio production, digital filmmaking, and digital post-production.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

COM 208U • Native Americans and the Media 4 Credits

Analysis of media portrayals of Native Americans. Emphasis on Native American cultures and voices, mainstream portrayals of Native Americans through a variety of media, and social and media critical tools for examining media mainstream images of minority groups.
Prerequisites: GES 130 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: January, Occasionally spring.

COM 209 • Introduction to Health Communication 4 Credits

Introduces students to communication surrounding health care. History of health care and theoretical foundations of what health and illness mean. Explores provider-patient communication, social support, health literacy, cross-cultural barriers to health care, ethical considerations in health care, health literacy, public health campaigns, and a Christian approach to health and illness.
Prerequisites: CHL 110 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Spring, odd # years.

COM 210 • Perspectives on Human Communication 4 Credits

Examination of the communication discipline through the exploration of career areas and application of communication theories. Provides a theoretical foundation by exploring significant communication concepts in the areas of human, media, organizational, and rhetorical communication.
Offered: Spring.

COM 213 • Media Communication 2 Credits

An overview of mass media industries, including print, broadcast, cable, film, and the internet. Survey of media history, functions, and impacts on society.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

COM 216 • Content Strategy and Creation 4 Credits

Foundational skills include content ideation, audience analysis, and creating, disseminating, measuring and managing content. Students develop content strategy for an organization or brand; create multimedia content such as podcasts, blogs, video and design projects for social media and online channels; and produce a digital portfolio of their work.
Offered: Fall, odd # years.

COM 220 • Group Communication 4 Credits

Vital role that small groups play in daily life, group problem-solving and interaction, and greater effectiveness in working in small groups. Examination of leadership, group cohesiveness, and conflict management.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

COM 248 • Organizational Communication 2 Credits

Communication practices and problems found in organizations. Communication concerns related to organizational structure, conflict, effectiveness, roles (emphasizing leadership), work processes, and decision making.
Offered: Fall.

COM 249 • Introduction to Public Relations 2 Credits

An overview of the strategic communication industry, as well as an understanding of how PR may enhance work in related fields such as marketing, journalism, relational communication, graphic design, media production, ministry, health, human resources, environmental studies, corporate social responsibility, politics, lobbying and government relations, and psychology.
Offered: Fall.

COM 264 • Storytelling 2 Credits

An examination of communication in electronic media through the analysis and development of narrative structure and story elements as they are used in a variety of media industries. Students learn to create compelling stories for audio and visual media through the analysis of scene, character arc, action, motif, etc.
Prerequisites: COM 170A or Consent of instructor. Offered: Spring, even # years.

COM 271 • Royal Media Studio 1 Credit

Laboratory experience in media production within the context of a simulated production company. Project-based work from ideation to deliverable and work with clients. Students lead teams in writing, directing, producing and editing different types of media productions, both live-streamed and recorded.
Prerequisites: COM 170A. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Course may be repeated for credit.

COM 302 • Media Law 4 Credits

Examination of mass media law and policy through the use of court cases, policy documents, legislation, legal history, and legal philosophy. Special emphasis on First Amendment and ethical issues related to media practices.
Offered: Occasionally fall, Spring.

COM 310K • Communication, Technology and Society 4 Credits

An examination of the impact communication technology has on communication and society. Evaluation and exploration of technologies such as digital media, the internet, and other emerging technologies. Analysis of the ethical and spiritual implications and applications of these technologies.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Fall, January, Spring, and Summer.

COM 312G • Health Communication 4 Credits

Explores how communication shapes health care. How differences in expectations, power, and experiences within health encounters are influenced by culture, psychology, and social systems. How societies define health, and communicate to address health literacy, disparities, and trust. Practical strategies to help patients and providers communicate to improve dialogue.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

COM 314G • Communication of Gender and Sexuality 4 Credits

Examines the force of rhetoric on historical and social movements related to gender and sexuality since 1800. Concentrates on topics that cross gender and sexuality lines and impact modern individuals. Considers verbal and nonverbal gender differences and similarities.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Fall.

COM 315GZ • Culture and Communication in a Global Context 4 Credits

Introduction to cultural patterns, communities, and communication styles within a specific geographical region through exploration of socio-cultural factors such as worldview, faith, history, education, political economy, ecology, and art. Multiple opportunities to connect with local communities and partner in projects addressing local issues. Possible focus on local diaspora/emigration issues.
Prerequisites: GES 104; [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Occasionally January.

COM 323 • Event Management & Leadership 4 Credits

Designing integrated communication approaches for conferences, sporting events, professional meetings, celebratory events, and community outreach programs. Engages the professional, interpersonal, and organizational coordination of information, people, and budgets. Specific attention to developing creative and constructive responses to unanticipated “rhetorical interruptions” and to identifying opportunities for institutional enhancement.
Prerequisites: COM 248 and COM 249 or Consent of instructor. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

COM 324 • Professional and Technical Communication 4 Credits

Introduction to professional and technical communication skills. Topics include interviewing, technical speaking, speaking and writing to a lay audience, and visual communication skills. Students learn how to present complex information in a variety of formats with an audience-centered approach.
Offered: Spring, even # years.

COM 340 • Facilitating Difficult Conversations 2 Credits

Exploration of inter-group dialogue. Examines the challenges of engaging in difficult conversations, including topics such as perception, social identities, emotional triggers, narratives, and privilege. Students participate in dialogue on difficult topics and become skilled in listening, questioning, and facilitating small group interactions.
Prerequisites: GES 140. Offered: Occasionally spring.

COM 342 • Advanced Editing and Visual Effects 4 Credits

Continued study in video editing and post production including advanced editing concepts for storytelling and impact, visual effects and green screen work, and motion graphics.
Prerequisites: COM 170A. Offered: Spring, even # years.

COM 350 • Corporate Communication 4 Credits

Theories and principles of corporate communication, including issues related to public relations, media relations, corporate identity management, investor communication, and crisis communication in both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations.
Prerequisites: COM 248 and COM 249 or Consent of instructor. Offered: January, odd # years.

COM 352 • Broadcast Journalism 2 Credits

Theories and principles of broadcast writing with practical experience in writing news stories for radio and television. Analysis of broadcast news programming and procedures.
Offered: Fall.

COM 355Z • Intercultural Communication 4 Credits

The study of socio-cultural variability and its influence on verbal and nonverbal communication. Beginning with cultural self-awareness, the examination of theory is balanced by an examination of practical applications designed to improve intercultural competence in various contexts.
Prerequisites: World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: The course includes a 30-hour intercultural service learning component.

COM 357 • Principles of Digital Marketing 2 Credits

Study of digital marketing strategy, content development, and media channels to help students leverage digital techniques and understand how they integrate with the overall marketing plan. Students design and analyze digital campaigns within a team environment. Best practices are leveraged as the digital marketplace evolves.
Prerequisites: BUS 220. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit in business.

COM 362 • Strategic Social Media in Organizations 4 Credits

Examines the role of social media in public relations, business marketing and communication careers. Analyzes how digital media is changing the way businesses sell their products, communicate with customers, make decisions, and create community.
Offered: Fall.

COM 363 • Methods of Communication Research 4 Credits

The modern foundations for study, evaluation, and research in the entire field of communication. Readings, statistics, and finished research projects are the focus of study.
Prerequisites: COM 210 and Two courses in communication studies. Offered: Fall.

COM 367 • Advanced Interpersonal Conflict 2 Credits

Theories and principles of interpersonal conflict are examined. How personal history, tactics, styles of expression and strategies of interaction impact types of conflict and their eventual resolution. Evaluates models of conflict resolution with an emphasis on issues of forgiveness and reconciliation.
Offered: Occasionally spring.

COM 368 • Nonverbal Communication 2 Credits

Nonverbal communication codes examined, including their structures, usages, and interrelationships. Understanding, analysis, and application of nonverbal communication through lecture, discussion, and experiential activities. Explores the impact of nonverbal communication on culture and interaction.
Offered: Occasionally spring.

COM 370 • Interpersonal Communication 4 Credits

Advanced inquiry in theory and pragmatics related to dyadic communication. Explores issues such as self-identity, self-esteem, listeners, emotions, conflict, relational development and maintenance, gender, and nonverbal communication. Opportunity to evaluate and develop personal interaction skills.
Offered: Fall.

COM 371 • Royal Media Studio 1 Credit

Laboratory experience in media production within the context of a simulated production company. Project-based work from ideation to deliverable and work with clients. Students lead teams in writing, directing, producing, and editing different types of media productions, both live-streamed and recorded.
Prerequisites: COM 170A. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course may be repeated for credit.

COM 372 • Advanced Audio Production 4 Credits

Continued study in audio production processes including sound design, foley, podcasting, and music recording.
Prerequisites: COM 170A. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

COM 373 • Digital Filmmaking 4 Credits

Hands-on, single-camera production on location. Areas of study include: cinema verité, documentary, and experimental/music video.
Prerequisites: COM 170A. Offered: Fall, even # years.

COM 374 • Sports and Live Events Production 4 Credits

In-depth engagement of sports programming, advanced multi-camera and live event production, field reporting, and streaming.
Prerequisites: COM 170A. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

COM 375 • Media Criticism and Theory 4 Credits

Explores theoretical and critical approaches to the study of video, audio, film, and digital culture. Examines issues relating to production and authorship in the media arts, audience reception and effects, political ideology, ethics, aesthetics, cultural diversity, and schools of thought. Extensive critical writing and reading in media criticism and theory.
Prerequisites: COM 213. Offered: Spring.

COM 376 • Public Relations Writing and Strategies 4 Credits

Explores techniques for conducting research and writing within key public relations contexts. Essential writing skills and strategies needed to perform a variety of projects in the public relations profession, including biographies, press releases, fact sheets, backgrounders, newsletters, brochures, pitch letters, speeches, feature stories, and social media posts.
Prerequisites: COM 248 and COM 249 or Consent of instructor. Offered: Spring, even # years.

COM 386 • Advanced Public Speaking 4 Credits

Preparation and delivery of speeches at an advanced level. Speeches can include persuasive, entertaining, informative, special occasion, business presentations, and storytelling.
Prerequisites: Junior standing or Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Occasionally spring.

COM 387 • Speaking in Ministry Contexts 4 Credits

Creation and delivery of the types of messages required in ministry contexts. Students work on biblical interpretation, adapting a biblically-based message to specific audiences and contexts, and learning to communicate in a clear and relevant manner.
Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing or Consent of instructor. Offered: Occasionally spring.

COM 400 • Family Communication 4 Credits

Examines communication patterns that help or hinder relationships within the family system. Approaches to, and impacts of, conflict, power, stress, intimacy, and family health are studied. Explores the family system in light of Christian attitudes and life patterns.
Prerequisites: Junior standing. Offered: Spring.

COM 460 • Topics in Organizational Communication 2 Credits

Advanced studies in organizational communication with the specific topic announced prior to registration. Topics may include public relations, corporate communication, consulting, training and development, or media relations. Explores current issues from both a theoretical and hands-on perspective.
Prerequisites: COM 350 and Consent of instructor. Offered: Occasionally fall. Special Notes: This course may be repeated if a different topic is emphasized.

COM 462 • Topics in Relational Communication 2 Credits

Advanced studies in relational communication with the specific topic announced prior to registration. Topics may include the dark side of communication, persuasion, divorce, advanced interpersonal theory.
Offered: Occasionally spring.

COM 464 • Dating, Mating, & Relating: Lifespan Communication 4 Credits

Explores the communication development and patterns of children and adolescents, family communication, peer-group communication, intergenerational communication, and later-life communication, as well as theoretical studies of lifespan communication development, communication during lifespan transitions, and lifespan communication research methods.
Offered: Occasionally spring.

COM 471 • Royal Media Studio 1 Credit

Laboratory experience in media production within the context of a simulated production company. Project-based work from ideation to deliverable and work with clients. Students lead teams in writing, directing, producing, and editing different types of media productions, both live-streamed and recorded.
Prerequisites: COM 170A. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course may be repeated for credit.

COM 491 • Communication Internship and Seminar 4 Credits

A supervised applied learning experience in structured, off-campus settings, such as corporations, governmental offices, nonprofit organizations, television and radio stations, and corporate media departments. Includes a seminar in which students process internship experiences, discuss work-life topics, and prepare for initial job searches. Requires minimum of 135 hours in internship setting.
Prerequisites: Junior standing or Consent of department. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer. Special Notes: This course may be repeated for credit.

COM 495 • Capstone: Relational Communication 2 Credits

Guided exploration of "understudied relationships" specific to the relational communication discipline. Focus on synthesizing and integrating faith, communication skills, knowledge, theory, research, and competencies learning in the relational communication emphasis.
Prerequisites: COM 220; COM 363; COM 370. Offered: Spring.

COM 496 • Capstone: Organizational Communication 2 Credits

Engages students in the process of researching, structuring, conducting, and evaluating communication audits or public relations campaigns. Emphasizes synthesis and integration of skills and theories learned in the organizational communications major.
Prerequisites: COM 350; COM 363; COM 376 (may be taken concurrently); Senior standing. Offered: Spring.

COMM 115 • Intro to Computer Applications 1 Credit

Introduction to basic computer software applications. Analysis of application capabilities and personal preferences. Development and application of troubleshooting skills.

COMM 160 • Basic Communication Skills 4 Credits

An examination of the fundamentals of the human communication process. Emphasis on communication in these areas: interpersonal, small group, public speaking and computer mediated. Concentration on how meaning is created, communicated, and transformed within personal, professional, and global contexts.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 1.

COMM 294 • Topics in Communication 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Communication theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

COMM 379PT • Portfolio in Communication 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Communication.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

CORE 300 • Community, Self and Formation 4 Credits

An exploration of self in the world, based on personal experience and classical spiritual practices. Students are challenged to think systemically about contexts of family, faith community, workplace and broader culture as they plan for lifelong formation and contribution to the well-being of others.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Areas 2, 5.

CORE 310 • Scripture and Society 4 Credits

An introduction to the Christian scriptures as a resource for responding to contemporary challenges facing humanity. A broad understanding of complexities in interpreting sacred texts, major narratives of the Christian scriptures, and ways those narratives speak into ethical and social issues provided.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Areas 2, 5, 6. Special Notes: CORE 300 is a highly recommended prerequisite.

CORE 320 • History, Faith and Society 4 Credits

An exploration of historical expressions of the Christian faith from the 4th-20th centuries with a focus on its influence on the present. A look at selected historical events and the lessons they provide for understanding theological concepts and selected social issues, and their impact on the role of religious communities today.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Areas 2, 5, 6. Special Notes: CORE 300 and CORE 310 are highly recommended prerequisites.

CORE 330H • Examining Crucial Questions 4 Credits

Summary of the Christian biblical narrative. Identification of the roles of scripture, history, experience, and reason, as they form convictions related to social and ethical issues. Examination of selected theological concepts using the Wesleyan Quadrilateral, as well as the application of those concepts to real life situations.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Areas 2, 5, 6, and category H.

CORE 379PT • Portfolio in Bethel Distinctives 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Bethel Distinctives.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

COS 101 • Introduction to Procedural Programming 2 Credits

An introduction to programming using a current procedural (imperative) programming language. Standard data types and control structures are introduced.
Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for both COS 101 and COS 111.

COS 110 • Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming 2 Credits

Continuation of procedural programming and an introduction to object-oriented programming. Fundamental search and sort algorithms, and recursion.
Prerequisites: COS 101 with a C- or higher (may be taken concurrently) or Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for both COS 110 and COS 111.

COS 111 • Introduction to Programming 4 Credits

An introduction to procedural and object-oriented programming. Standard data types and control structures are introduced. Fundamental search and sort algorithms, and recursion.
Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for both COS 111 and COS 101 or COS 110.

COS 211 • Data Structures 4 Credits

Elementary data structures such as arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, hash tables, and trees. Further development of object-oriented design principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Prerequisites: COS 110 with a C- or higher or COS 111 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, Spring.

COS 235 • Computer Systems 4 Credits

Assembly and machine language to study computer organization and structure, including addressing techniques, digital logic and representation of numbers and arithmetic, structure of operating systems, memory management, process management, resource allocation, and operating system monitors. Also includes an introduction to C.
Prerequisites: COS 211 with a C- or higher and MAT 242 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring.

COS 277 • Software Development Fundamentals 4 Credits

Formal approach to the design and development of software. Multiple process models discussed and compared. Other topics include design patterns, system and data description, verification and validation, and process improvement. Extensive object-oriented programming assignments.
Prerequisites: COS 211 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall.

COS 299 • Careers in Mathematics and Computer Science Seminar 0 Credit

Explores careers in mathematics and computer science through a selection of videos, lectures, tours, or guest speakers. Activities may include developing practical professional skills such as writing resumes and cover letters, accumulating connections and experience, and techniques for interviewing.
Prerequisites: COS 110 with a C- or higher or COS 111 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall.

COS 313 • Database Systems 2 Credits

Relational and object-oriented databases, schemas, and normalization. Topics may include database management systems, SQL, concurrent transactions, logging/disaster recovery, query optimization, application program interaction with database management systems, and NoSQL.
Prerequisites: COS 211 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, even # years.

COS 318 • Web Programming 4 Credits

An examination of the foundational technologies used for creating web applications. Includes client and server programming, as well as fundamentals of cloud services, including security, storage, and reliability.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, odd # years. Special Notes: Some knowledge of HTML and the basics of JavaScript are expected.

COS 320 • Computer Graphics Programming 4 Credits

Introduces the drawing methods, geometrical transformations, and illumination models that are fundamental to computer graphics programming. Modeling of 2D and 3D objects, local and global illumination simulation, shading, color models, procedural modeling, and discrete (fragment) techniques, including texture mapping. A current graphics API is used, including custom shaders.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher; MAT 248 with a C- or higher or Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

COS 334 • Data Mining and Machine Learning 3 Credits

Introduces widely-used techniques for extracting information from large data sets such as medical databases, credit reports, weather history, and the stock market. Includes algorithms for nominal and ordinal data and metrics to measure their performance. Students implement common algorithms with real data and choose appropriate algorithms for different applications.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher; MAT 248 with a C- or higher or MAT 332 with a C- or higher or Consent of instructor. Offered: Spring, even # years.

COS 335 • Computer Security 3 Credits

An introduction to the concepts of security as applied to areas such as programming, databases, networks, systems, and applications. General concepts and specific instances of security-related threats are presented. Security risks are discussed in the context of several computer operating system and architecture components.
Prerequisites: COS 235 with C- or higher. Offered: Spring, odd # years. Special Notes: COS 386 is a recommended prerequisite.

COS 341 • Computability and Complexity 4 Credits

Investigate two big questions: How efficiently can computers solve problems? Are there problems that cannot be solved by computers at all? Computability theory: formal models of computation, Turing machines, universality, reductions, nondeterminism, and the Church – Turing thesis. Complexity theory: polynomial-time mapping reductions, NP-completeness, and the famous "P versus NP" problem.
Prerequisites: COS 110 with a C- or higher or COS 111 with a C- or higher; MAT 248 with a C- or higher or Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, even # years.

COS 348 • Algorithms and Advanced Data Structures 4 Credits

Fundamental algorithms, algorithm analysis, and advanced data structures.
Prerequisites: COS 211 with C- or higher; MAT 248 with C- or higher or Consent of instructor. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

COS 351 • High-Performance Computing 4 Credits

Fundamental concepts and techniques for parallel computation in relevant programming languages (load balancing, communication, synchronization, serial program decomposition) using industry-standard parallel computing libraries.
Prerequisites: COS 235 with C- or higher. Offered: Occasionally.

COS 371 • Organization of Programming Languages 4 Credits

Formal programming language specification using various grammars and the Backus – Naur Form. Data types and structures, control structures, and data flow of several programming languages, including interpreters and compilers. Introduction to parsing and lexical analysis.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher; MAT 248 with a C- or higher or Consent of instructor. Offered: Spring, even # years.

COS 386 • Data Communications and Computer Networks 3 Credits

Data communications including interprocess communication, computer networking, and associated software protocols. Topics include network topologies, point-to-point network protocols, local area networks, and interconnection of networks.
Prerequisites: COS 235 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, even # years.

COS 389 • Artificial Intelligence 3 Credits

Basic concepts and techniques of artificial intelligence, including representation, notational structures, searches, control structures, and logic programming languages. Samples of current work in several application areas including natural language systems, expert systems, and neural networks.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher. Offered: Occasionally.

COS 420 • Software Process 3 Credits

Balancing the various real-world challenges that a software engineer encounters, including ambiguity, conflicting requirements, task-time estimation, team dynamics, requests from customers, product managers or architects.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring, odd # years. Special Notes: COS 477 is a recommended prerequisite. This course carries cross credit in engineering.

COS 450 • Humans and Computers 2 Credits

Examines the ways that humans and computers interact. Christian and professional ethics in the development and application of computing technology are extensively examined.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher; Senior standing. Offered: Spring.

COS 477 • Software Engineering 2 Credits

Formal approach to the design and development of software. Multiple process models discussed and compared. Other topics include design patterns, project management and estimation, team management, formal methods, documentation, system and data description, verification and validation, and process improvement.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit in engineering.

COS 490 • Topics in Computer Science 4 Credits

An in-depth study of a specific field of computer science.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

COUN 579PT • Portfolio in Counseling 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Counseling.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

COUN 600 • Foundations of Clinical Mental Health Counseling 3 Credits

Exploration of the history and current practice of mental health counseling. Examination of professional identity, practice issues, professional organizations and standards, and working with systems. Evaluation of the issues of serving diverse communities and access to service.

COUN 605 • Family Systems 3 Credits

Exploration of family systems and the major family therapy theories including their application to case conceptualization, clinical treatment planning and clinical intervention methods. Examination of the relationship between theory and practice and critiquing models in light of current research perspectives, including gender and diversity concerns.

COUN 610 • Counseling Microskills 3 Credits

Development of core counseling skills and attitudes that promote effective counseling. Identification of counselor characteristics and behaviors that impact the counseling process. Application of basic counseling skills including ethical and cultural senstive strategies for creating and maintaining therapeutic relationships.

COUN 615 • Worldview and Integration of Faith and Spirituality in Counseling 3 Credits

Examination of different worldviews and their impact on the counseling process. Evaluation of the impact of religious beliefs and spirituality upon clients, counselors and the therapeutic process. Examination of one's own worldview. Integration of religious beliefs and spirituality within the counseling process.

COUN 620 • Multicultural Counseling and Social Justice 3 Credits

Demonstration of knowledge of theories and models of multicultural counseling. Examination of heritage, attitudes and beliefs upon view of others. Application of social justice ethical principles. Evaluation of power and privilege. Examination of personal cultural identity. Integration of ethical and culturally sensitive counseling strategies.

COUN 625 • Theories and Techniques of Group Counseling 3 Credits

Exploration of the theories, techniques, history, and principles related to group practice in counseling. Application of group facilitation skills. Examination of ethical concerns, multicultural adaptations, and spiritual integration in group dynamics.
Prerequisites: COUN 610.

COUN 630 • Addictions Counseling 3 Credits

Applies knowledge of addiction types, causes, symptoms, assessments, and diagnoses, including co-occurring disorders. Examines neurological factors and psychopharmacology, evaluates evidence-based treatments, and analyzes legal, ethical, gender, and culturally responsible strategies for addiction counseling.

COUN 635 • Lifespan Development 3 Credits

Demonstration of knowledge of human development and aging issues. Examination of developmental theory assumptions. Examination of biological, cultural, social and spiritual factors. Evaluation of crisis and trauma. Integration of cultural and developmental factors in clinical practice.

COUN 640 • Psychopathology and Diagnosis 3 Credits

Demonstration of knowledge of diagnostic categories of DSM-5 and ICD. Examination of psychopathologies history and etiology. Demonstration of ability to extract important diagnostic information in the diagnostic process. Evaluation of client’s context to formulate diagnosis. Analysis of diagnosis to understand clinical issues. Examination of ethical issues of diagnoses and treatment.

COUN 645 • Individual and Family Assessment 3 Credits

Examines assessment across the counseling process, considering historical and current practices. Administers, scores, and interprets instruments for personality and psychopathology evaluation, analyzes psychometric properties, and applies ethical, culturally relevant strategies. Synthesizes data while evaluating factors affecting reliability and validity.
Corequisites: COUN 650. Course fee: $35.

COUN 650 • Theories and Techniques of Counseling 3 Credits

Demonstration of knowledge of major theories and models of counseling and consultation, theoretical applications including case conceptualization, clinical treatment planning, and clinical intervention methods. Evaluation of counseling models from theological and contemporary counseling research including gender and diversity concerns. Examination of counseling problems from different perspectives and evidence-based treatment approaches.
Prerequisites: COUN 625.

COUN 655 • Professional Orientation and Ethics 3 Credits

Demonstration of knowledge of the legal and professional structures of the counseling profession. Demonstration of knowledge of ethical standards, codes of ethics, and MN state licensure. Application of ethical decision making steps. Examination of current professional issues. Examination of cultural and spiritual considerations of ethical issues in the clinical context.

COUN 660 • Research Methods and Evaluation 3 Credits

Evaluation of research designs applicable to professional counseling. Evaluation of effectiveness research in clinical practice. Development of research skills with emphasis on critiquing published research and using effectiveness research in clinical decision making. Application of ethical and culturally relevant strategies for research.

COUN 665 • Clinical Assessment and Intervention 3 Credits

Applies crisis intervention models and skills to clinical scenarios. Evaluates ethical and culturally responsible strategies, conducts intake and mental health assessments, and develops treatment plans. Focuses on crisis situations, including suicidal clients, child abuse and neglect, and intimate partner violence.
Prerequisites: COUN 650.

COUN 670 • Theories and Techniques of Career Counseling 3 Credits

Examination of major career development theories and their application to practice. Topics include career assessments, gender and cultural implications and career decision-making. Emphasis on practical skills to support client career decisions and development.
Career assessments fee: $66.

COUN 675 • Child and Adolescent Counseling 3 Credits

Major theories and techniques for working with children and adolescents in counseling. Topics include: behavioral interventions, expressive therapy interventions, communication with school and outside services, legal and ethical issues specific to children and adolescents, and multicultural practice implications. Focus on the family system and its engagement in the counseling process.

COUN 677 • Practical Experience Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment following the term in which a masters level COUN internship, practicum, clinical or other experiential course was taken, required when there are outstanding hours to be completed.

COUN 680 • Neuroscience, Counseling, and Trauma 3 Credits

Identification of biological and neurological mechanisms of mental health. Demonstration of knowledge of crisis and trauma impact on brain and individual functioning. Identification of evidence based trauma treatment strategies. Examination of ethical, cultural, and religious/spiritually responsive strategies for trauma treatment. Application of trauma interventions.

COUN 694 • Topics in Counseling 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Counseling theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

COUN 780 • Practicum 2 Credits

Demonstration of professional counseling competencies in initial supervised counseling experience at a community placement site. Demonstration of professional and ethical behavior including administration skills and self-evaluation. Application of theoretical constructs to clinical cases. Implementation of individual and group supervision feedback.
Prerequisites: COUN 600, COUN 605, COUN 610, COUN 615, COUN 620, COUN 625, COUN 630, COUN 635, COUN 640, COUN 645, COUN 650, COUN 655, COUN 660, COUN 665. Special Notes: Completion of 100 hours of experience at a practicum site including 40 hours of direct client contact hours.

COUN 781 • Internship I 3.5 Credits

Demonstration of professional counseling competencies in supervised counseling internship experience at a community placement site. Demonstration of professional and ethical behavior including administration skills and self-evaluation. Application of theoretical constructs to clinical cases. Implementation of individual and group supervision feedback.
Prerequisites: COUN 780. Special Notes: Completion of 300 hours of experience at a practicum site including 120 hours of direct client contact hours.

COUN 790 • Internship II 3.5 Credits

Advanced supervised counseling internship provides students the continued opportunity to gain professional and clinical experience providing mental health services to the community. Individual and group weekly supervision is required. Completion of course signifies the completion of program clinical training requirements.
Special Notes: 300 hours of experience at an internship site including a minimum of 120 direct client contact hours.

CP 510 • Preaching for Transformation 4 Credits

Demonstration of effective communication of God’s Word with clarity, purpose, and relevance. Creation of transformational opportunities for listeners. Application of Scripture in personal and professional contexts, integrating exegetical insights and intercultural understanding. Development of approaches for Christian officiating at weddings and responding biblically to tragic death.
Prerequisites: BT 510, (may be taken concurrently).

CP 699PT • Portfolio in Communications and Preaching 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Communications and Preaching.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

CP 772 • Seminar in Communications and Preaching 2 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Communications and Preaching theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

CP 774 • Seminar in Communications and Preaching 4 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Communications and Preaching theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

CP 870 • Directed Study in Communications and Preaching 1-9 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with program faculty.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.

CP 870P • Independent Study Project in Communications and Preaching 1-9 Credits

Research and study project by arrangement with program faculty.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.

CP 899PT • Portfolio in Communications and Preaching 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Communications and Preaching.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

DC 635YL • Foundations of Incarnational Youth Ministry (Young Life Staff Training) 4 Credits

Overview of contemporary culture, especially as it affects youth ministry, and provides historical and theological youth ministry concepts and grounding. Ministry programs and issues are addressed, such as “youth ministry as practical theology,” the changing family, organizing a ministry program, missions and service, and ministering in a multi-cultural, multi-contextual world.

DC 636YL • Life of Christ: Communicating Christ to Adolescent Culture (Young Life Staff Trng) 1.5,3 Credits

Focuses on the process of communicating the person and work of Jesus to adolescents. Communication principles involving small and large groups as well as individual discussions will be applied as the student seeks to understand insights from the four Gospels and learns to communicate those effectively in contemporary youth culture.

DC 637YL • Youth Ministry Leadership and Community Dev (Young Life Staff Training) 1.5,3 Credits

Foundational principles and skills involved in leading a team as a youth minister. Special attention given to thinking and living as a biblical leader and to strategic planning for ministry building. Development of community resources for ministry and clarifying one’s theology of leadership in the context of their ministry calling.

DC 645YL • Foundations of Youth Ministry 1.5,3 Credits

A philosophy of ministry to young people and their families is developed. The needs and characteristics of youth and methods of relating to them for purposes of Christian commitment and growth are presented. Family context is studied to understand youth and develop a holistic approach toward ministry.

DC 646YL • Communicating the Gospel to Teens 1.5,3 Credits

A study of the communcation process as it relates to teenagers. Strategies to communicate the gospel, evangelize, and nurture faith in teenagers are discussed. Effective proclamation and teaching techniques are studied.

DC 670 • Directed Study in Discipleship in Community 1-9 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with program faculty.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.

DC 699PT • Portfolio in Discipleship in Community 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Discipleship in Community.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

DC 772 • Seminar in Discipleship in Community 2 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Discipleship in Community theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

DC 774 • Seminar in Discipleship in Community 4 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Discipleship in Community theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

DC 795A • Thesis Proposal 2 Credits

Development of a thesis proposal and prospectus. Survey of existing research and delineation of tentative argument and preliminary bibliography. To be developed in consultation and under supervision of a faculty member as thesis advisor.
Grade exceptions: This course is graded Pass/Fail. Special Notes: Approval of faculty member in relevant discipline is required.

DC 795B • Thesis Writing 4 Credits

Implementation of research plan, under the supervision of thesis advisor and with input from a second reader. To include survey of existing research and thesis that is well argued and supported by the literature.
Prerequisites: DC 795A.

DC 899PT • Portfolio in Discipleship in Community 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Discipleship in Community.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

DES 105 • Introduction to Digital Media 4 Credits

Understand the tools and concepts of digital art-making and graphic design with an emphasis on foundational proficiency in industry standard software and hardware. Utilize and combine digital tools to solve visual and technical problems as part of a growing design and studio art practice.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

DES 150 • Typography 4 Credits

Typography—the visual presentation of language—is a foundational component of graphic design. Identify and investigate basic principles and communicative potential through project-based exploration of the following topics: terminology, letterforms, readability, hierarchy, structure, visual syntax, history, and context.
Prerequisites: DES 105. Offered: Spring.

DES 212 • Graphic Design I 4 Credits

Explore the foundational visual components of design and their communicative and creative potential through visual experiments, isolated studies, and careful observation. Develop original content through a design process that includes idea generation, material experimentation, evaluation, and iteration.
Prerequisites: DES 105. Offered: Fall, Spring.

DES 312 • Graphic Design II 4 Credits

Combine and extend basic design and typography principles through a range of real-world project scenarios. Engage with clients and manage projects from initial ideation through production stages. Special attention to strategizing, problem-defining and solving, collaboration, client interaction, and production.
Prerequisites: DES 150 and DES 212. Offered: Fall.

DES 324 • Interactive Design 4 Credits

Develop and maintain a variety of interactive projects including websites, digital publishing, interactive documents, and applications. Work collaboratively to strategize solutions for complex projects that identify and respond to users’ needs. Understand and adapt to the rapid evolution of technology through research and self-teaching.
Prerequisites: DES 312 or Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall.

DES 412 • Graphic Design III 4 Credits

Engage complex open-ended design problems in a collaborative environment. Utilize research, prototyping, and user interaction to develop efficient and scalable solutions. Develop personal design approach, values, ethical convictions, and portfolio materials.
Prerequisites: DES 312 or Consent of instructor. Offered: Spring.

DES 481 • Internship in Design 1-4 Credits

Educational and practical experience in applying understanding and skill in a professional setting. An internship can be arranged in a design studio, advertising firm, non-profit organization, or other appropriate workplace. Supervised by a design faculty member.
Prerequisites: Five DES courses or Consent of instructor; Major in graphic design. Offered: Fall, Spring.

DIG 200A • Introduction to Digital Humanities 4 Credits

Explores how to tell stories in the humanities with digital insights from graphic design and computer science. 3D-modeling, virtual reality, digital mapping, and data analysis are combined with the study of history, literature, philosophy, the arts, and other humanities disciplines. Students create aesthetically-informed projects accessible to a modern audience.
Offered: Spring.

ECO 202 • Principles of Microeconomics 2 Credits

An introductory course in microeconomics that helps students understand how economic decisions are made by individuals and firms and how these decisions affect the overall functioning of the economy. Topics include: supply and demand, elasticity, government policies, production and cost, market structures, and market failure.
Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: It is expected that students take ECO 202 and ECO 203 in the same term.

ECO 203 • Principles of Macroeconomics 2 Credits

An introductory course in macroeconomics that helps students understand how the economy as a whole functions and how government policies can affect economic outcomes. Topics include: measures of economic aggregates like GDP, inflation, and unemployment, the study of concepts like aggregate demand and supply, and monetary and fiscal policy.
Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: It is expected that students take ECO 202 and ECO 203 in the same term.

ECO 301 • Managerial Economics 2 Credits

Models of consumption, production, and pricing in competitive and noncompetitive markets.
Prerequisites: ECO 202 and ECO 203. Offered: Fall, Spring.

ECO 302 • Intermediate Macroeconomics 2 Credits

Models of real output and monetary behavior. Policies affecting unemployment, inflation, and economic growth.
Prerequisites: ECO 202 and ECO 203. Offered: Fall, Spring.

ECON 202 • Principles of Microeconomics 2 Credits

Analysis of market interactions using supply and demand, considering participant values. Application of scarcity, opportunity costs, and production costs in competitive and monopolistic markets. Examination of human capital in labor markets and the economic foundations of globalization and international trade.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 5.

ECON 203 • Principles of Macroeconomics 2 Credits

Analysis of macroeconomic concepts, including GDP, growth, unemployment, inflation, and government policy. Comparison of Keynesian and neoclassical perspectives using aggregate supply and demand. Application of the income-expenditure model, fiscal and monetary policy, and the Federal Reserve’s role. Integration of Christian or personal perspectives with macroeconomic concepts.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 5.

ECON 579PT • Portfolio in Economics 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Economics.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

ECON 635 • Managerial Economics 3 Credits

Application of economic analysis in formulating managerial decisions, drawing upon concepts of demand, production, costs, pricing strategies, profit and competition. Analysis of the broad macroeconomic forces that influence the business environment. Analysis of opportunities and risks in a global economic environment.

ECON 694 • Topics in Economics 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Economics theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

EDU 200 • Introduction to Education 3 Credits

Contemporary issues in education in the light of history and educational thought. Various aspects of growth and development are included.
Prerequisites: 15 Credits. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 201 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 201 • Introduction to Education Field Experience 1 Credit

A field experience requiring four hours per week observing and serving in an elementary or secondary school classroom.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 200 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Designated times are set by the Education department. There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 202 • Minnesota Education Standards Portfolio 0 Credit

Supports the transfer of an Education or content course by addressing required Minnesota Standards of Effective Practice (MNSEPs). Through targeted modules, students demonstrate alignment with state standards. Successful completion allows the prior introductory education course to be accepted for program credit.
Offered: Fall, January, Spring. Special Notes: Course is grades on a S/U basis.

EDU 203 • School Health and Drugs 2 Credits

Examines the roles of teachers and schools in responding to adolescent health problems, including alcohol/drug problems, with particular attention to health promotion, prevention, and referral. Adolescent drug/alcohol use from a variety of perspectives: behavioral, pharmacological, social, legal, and clinical. Emphasizes the characteristics of effective comprehensive school-based drug abuse prevention programs.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 220 • Introduction to Middle Level Education 3 Credits

Conceptualizes exemplary and typical middle and junior high schools: philosophy, organizational structure, curriculum, and instructional characteristics. Students develop an understanding of the physical, emotional, social, cognitive, and moral stages of adolescent development and begin to develop the ability to relate middle-level program possibilities to adolescent developmental needs.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 236UZ • Exploring British Education and Culture 4 Credits

Immersion in British culture and educational system, with an emphasis on the diverse populations of Pakistani and Indian students and schools. Provides three learning experiences: 1) observing and participating in British elementary and secondary schools; 2) homestay with a British family; and 3) cultural exploration of London and surrounding areas.
Prerequisites: GES 104; EDU 200/EDU 201; GES 130 or GES 149; Admission to the Education program. Offered: January, odd # years.

EDU 241 • Educational Psychology Field Experience 1 Credit

A field experience requiring four hours per week in an elementary or secondary school for observation and tutorial experience in a special education setting.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; EDU 276 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Designated times are set by the Education department.

EDU 272 • Language and Literacy Development for Young Learners (K-3) 4 Credits

Foundational knowledge about language and literacy development, instructional methods, assessment practices, the creation of a literate and motivating environment, and the encouragement of family engagement in literacy.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; EDU 273 (must be taken concurrently); EDU 276 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 273 • Primary Grade Field Experience 1 Credit

Application of effective practices done in a primary classroom, working with individual students and small reading groups.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; EDU 272 (must be taken concurrently); EDU 276 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 275 • Kindergarten Education 2 Credits

Characteristics of kindergarten children and the curriculum and teaching strategies appropriate for their developmental level.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 276 • Educational Psychology 4 Credits

Examines the psychological foundations of teaching and learning. Asks how people learn and how educators can facilitate and amplify the learning process. Focuses on examples and projects in K-12 classrooms. Explores such topics as current neuroscience, learning theories, diverse learners, motivation, engagement, and various ways to assess learning.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; EDU 273 (may be taken concurrently) or EDU 241 (may be taken concurrently) and EDU 272 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course is intended for K-6 Elementary Education and Secondary Education licensure students only.

EDU 277 • Equitable Tech Integration Across Disciplines 3 Credits

Considers integration of technologies to enhance learning with attention to interdisciplinary approaches and historicially marginlized disciplines. Discussions and activities promote exploration of innovative digital learning environments that engage learners. Lenses of equity and empowerment used to explore ethical technology use, resource utilization, innovative instructional design, and professional growth.
Prerequisites: EDU 200 with a grade of C or higher and EDU 201; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 317GZ • Educational Equity 4 Credits

Root causes and historical origins of the current disparity of opportunities in U.S. educational systems. Prepares future educators to be culturally competent and responsive critical thinkers who understand the barriers that perpetuate inequities. Addresses these challenges from a biblical and leadership perspective.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course includes experiential learning in schools and community events. There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 320 • Pedagogy and the Young Adolescent Learner 1 Credit

Discusses the differences in philosophy and pedagogy of teaching in a middle school and in a junior high school. Course activities help students define, describe, and develop the following components of contemporary middle level schools: appropriate curriculum, interdisciplinary structure, and interdisciplinary teaching.
Prerequisites: EDU 220 (may be taken concurrently); EDU 276; EDU 241 or EDU 273. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 321 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 321 • Integrated Literacy in the Content Areas 2 Credits

Understanding of literacy development strategies and the role of reading in teaching content material related to specific subject areas. Review of content area texts, assessment and practice in adapting content materials to student needs.
Prerequisites: EDU 220 (may be taken concurrently); EDU 276; EDU 241 or EDU 273. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 320 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 331 • Teaching and Learning 2 Credits

A foundational knowledge of learning psychology and teaching methodology. Examines unique considerations for youth and adult learners, metacognition, formal/informal learning, multi-modal learning, learning in a variety of fields/contexts, and iterative program assessment.
Offered: Fall.

EDU 363 • Health Curriculum and Methods 1 Credit

Principles, curriculum, and methods of teaching health in grades K-6. Role of the teacher and school in responding to the special health needs of elementary-age children.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall.

EDU 365 • Physical Education Curriculum and Methods 1 Credit

Principles, curriculum, and methods of teaching physical education in grades K-6.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall.

EDU 366A • Visual Arts Curriculum and Methods 1 Credit

Methods, materials, and resources for teaching visual arts in grades K-6.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Spring. There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 368A • Music Curriculum and Methods 1 Credit

Methods, materials, and resources for teaching music in grades K-6.
Prerequisites: EDU 200/EDU 201; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Spring.

EDU 390 • General Field Experience 0 Credit

Students work in local schools with licensed cooperating teachers.
Prerequisites: Approval of the Director of Education Clinical Practice. Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 406 • Methods in Teaching 5-8 English 3 Credits

An examination of how middle level philosophy translates into practice in English classes in grades 5-8. Designed to accompany a 1 credit practicum experience in a middle level school.
Prerequisites: EDU 276; EDU 241 or EDU 273; EDU 407 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Spring.

EDU 407 • Middle Level Education Field Experience in English 1 Credit

Classroom-based practicum in an English class of young adolescent learners. Emphasizes evaluation and application of concepts and strategies previously introduced.
Prerequisites: EDU 276; EDU 241 or EDU 273; EDU 406 (must be taken concurrently) or EDU 408 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Spring.

EDU 408 • Methods in Teaching 5-12 English 3 Credits

Methods and curriculum employed in teaching English in middle and high schools. Examines current technology in English education as well as interactive learning and teaching. Emphasizes vocabulary and academic language. Lesson and unit planning using best practices and developmentally appropriate principles.
Prerequisites: EDU 276/EDU 241; EDU 407 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: EDU 320 is a strongly recommended corequisite.

EDU 410 • Methods in Teaching 5-8 Mathematics 3 Credits

Teaching methodologies, materials, assessment, historical and current trends and issues in curriculum, development of a philosophy of mathematics education, and other topics related to teaching and learning mathematics in grades 5-8. Practice in planning lessons and units, implementing technology, and teaching.
Prerequisites: EDU 276; EDU 241 or EDU 273; EDU 411 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to Education program. Offered: Fall.

EDU 411 • Mathematics Education Field Experience in grades 5-8 or 5-12 1 Credit

Students observe and participate in a high school and/or middle school mathematics classroom (minimum 40 hours on site). Deeper understanding of preadolescent and adolescent learners as well as curriculum, instruction, and assessment in the context of grades 5-12 school communities.
Prerequisites: EDU 276; EDU 241 or EDU 273; EDU 410 (must be taken concurrently) or EDU 412 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall.

EDU 412 • Methods in Teaching 5-12 Mathematics 3 Credits

Teaching methodologies, materials, assessment, historical and current trends and issues in curriculum, development of a philosophy of mathematics education, and other topics related to teaching and learning mathematics in grades 5-8 and 9-12. Practice in planning lessons and units, implementing technology, and teaching.
Prerequisites: EDU 276/EDU 241; EDU 411 (must be taken concurrently); Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall.

EDU 414 • Visual Arts Education Field Experience in Grades K-12 1 Credit

Classroom-based practicum in an art class of young adolescent learners. Emphasizes evaluation and application of concepts and strategies introduced in EDU413.
Prerequisites: EDU 276/EDU 241. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU413 is required. Offered: Fall.

EDU 415 • 5-12 Business Education Field Experience 1 Credit

Classroom-based practicum in a business class of young adolescent learners. Emphasizes evaluation and application of concepts and strategies introduced in previous courses.
Prerequisites: EDU 276/EDU 241. Offered: Fall.

EDU 418 • Methods in Teaching 9-12 Social Studies 2 Credits

Development of ability to take concepts from several component disciplines of social studies and communicate them effectively to, or direct their acquisition by, students in grades 9-12. Curriculum trends, materials, classroom methodologies, and teacher competencies are studied and applied.
Prerequisites: EDU 220; EDU 276/EDU 241; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: Concurrent enrollment in EDU 419 is required for students enrolled in secondary education programs.

EDU 419 • 5-8 Social Studies Methods and Field Experience 2 Credits

Classroom-based practicum in a social studies class of young adolescent learners. Emphasizes evaluation and application of concepts and strategies previously introduced.
Prerequisites: EDU 220; EDU 276; EDU 241 or EDU 273; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: Concurrent enrollment in EDU 418 is required for students enrolled in secondary education programs.

EDU 429 • Science Education Field Experience in Grades 5-8 or 5-12 1 Credit

Classroom-based practicum in a science class of adolescent learners. Emphasizes evaluation and application of concepts and strategies previously introduced. Minimum 40 hours on site.
Prerequisites: EDU 276/EDU 241 and Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: It is expected that students take EDUC 672 concurrently.

EDU 432 • Methods in Teaching Elementary Music 4 Credits

Methods and materials for teaching music in the elementary school. The skills of singing, playing, moving, improvising, reading, and listening are explored as a means of helping children gain an intuitive and theoretical understanding of musical principles.
Prerequisites: EDU 276/EDU 241; Major or minor in music; Admission to the Education program. Offered: Fall.

EDU 433 • Methods in Teaching Secondary Music 4 Credits

Methods and materials for teaching music in the middle school, junior high, and high school vocal and instrumental programs.
Prerequisites: EDU 432; Major or minor in music; Admission to the Education program. Corequisites: Concurrent enrollment in EDU 434 is required. Offered: Spring.

EDU 434 • Middle Level Education Field Experience in Music 1 Credit

Classroom-based practicum in a music class of young adolescent learners. Emphasizes evaluation and application of concepts and strategies previously introduced.
Prerequisites: EDU 432 and Major or minor in music. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 433 is required. Offered: Spring.

EDU 470 • Math Curriculum and Methods 4 Credits

Methods, materials, and resources for teaching mathematics in grades K-6. Emphasis placed on problem solving, inquiry, and conceptual understanding in a standards-based classroom.
Prerequisites: EDU 272; EDU 273; EDU 275; EDU 276; EDU 277; MAT 202; NAS 101D; NAS 102D; NAS 103D; NAS 104D; Admission to the Education program. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 471; EDU 473; EDU 474; EDU 476; EDU 477 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 471 • Science Curriculum and Methods 3 Credits

Methods, materials, and resources for teaching science in grades K-6. Emphasis placed on inquiry and discovery learning, planning, and teaching in a standards-based classroom.
Prerequisites: EDU 272; EDU 273; EDU 275; EDU 276; EDU 277; MAT 202; NAS 101D; NAS 102D; NAS 103D; NAS 104D; Admission to the Education program. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 470; EDU 473; EDU 474; EDU 476; EDU 477 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 473 • Reading/Language Arts Curriculum and Methods 4 Credits

Reading methods and processes with a strong emphasis on comprehension and vocabulary development. Language arts skills: writing process, grammar, spelling, drama, listening and speaking skills, viewing skills for students in grades 4-6. A variety of creative and critical response modes to integrate literature across the curriculum.
Prerequisites: EDU 272; EDU 273; EDU 275; EDU 276; EDU 277; MAT 202; NAS 101D; NAS 102D; NAS 103D; NAS 104D; Admission to the Education program. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 470; EDU 471; EDU 474; EDU 476; EDU 477 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 474 • Social Studies Curriculum and Methods: Planning 4 Credits

Methods, materials, and resources for teaching social studies in grades K-6. Emphasis placed on the use of process skills of the social scientist. Long- and short-term planning including integration of curriculum across content areas, embedding Minnesota Graduation Standards.
Prerequisites: EDU 272; EDU 273; EDU 275; EDU 276; EDU 277; MAT 202; NAS 101D; NAS 102D; NAS 103D; NAS 104D; Admission to the Education program. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 470; EDU 471; EDU 473; EDU 476; EDU 477 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: There is a fee associated with this course.

EDU 476 • Intermediate Grade Field Experience 1 Credit

Application of effective practices done in a 3rd-6th grade classroom, working with large groups as well as small groups, adapting lessons for students with special needs. Special focus on integrated planning.
Prerequisites: EDU 272; EDU 273; EDU 275; EDU 276; EDU 277; MAT 202; NAS 101D; NAS 102D; NAS 103D; NAS 104D; Admission to the Education program. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 470; EDU 471; EDU 473; EDU 474; EDU 477 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: A residency option is available by application. Residents stay in the same cooperating classroom for Block 2 and student teaching.

EDU 477 • Elementary Teaching & the Inclusive Classroom 2 Credits

Examines asset-based teaching and the gathering of information about our students and using it to plan instruction. Presents the importance of sociocultural, familial, and community contexts. Introduces anti-racist, culturally-affirming, reciprocal/collaborative concepts for teaching with discussion on culturally sensitive assessment practices and teacher-bias in Curriculum Based Management (CBM) practices and interpretation.
Prerequisites: EDU 272; EDU 273; EDU 275; EDU 276; EDU 277; MAT 202; NAS 101D, NAS 102D, NAS 103D, NAS 104D; Admission to the Education program. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in EDU 470; EDU 471; EDU 473; EDU 474; EDU 476 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

EDU 490 • Student Teaching Block 2 Credits

Students teach in a school setting corresponding with their licensure area(s). Students work with a cooperating teacher and grow into teaching independently. Attendance at regularly scheduled seminars is required.
Prerequisites: Admission to Student Teaching. Offered: January. Special Notes: Students earning a license to teach in two programs must register for EDU 490. This course is graded on an S/U basis. There is a fee associated with this course. Students must provide their own transportation.

EDU 491 • Student Teaching in Middle Level 3 Credits

Observation and student teaching in fields in which a student will be licensed to teach. Involves student teaching in a Middle Level endorsement area.
Prerequisites: Admission to student teaching. Offered: Occasionally. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis. Students must provide their own transportation.

EDU 492 • Student Teaching Grades K-12 and 5-12 6-12 Credits

Students teach in a school setting corresponding with their licensure area(s). Students work with a cooperating teacher and grow into teaching independently. Attendance at regularly scheduled seminars is required.
Prerequisites: One of the following: EDU 408, EDU 412, EDU 418, or EDU 433; Admission to student teaching and 2.50 GPA for majors in communication arts and literature education 5-12, mathematics education 5-12, music education k-12 (instrumental emphasis), music education k-12 (vocal emphasis), chemistry education 9-12, life science education 9-12, general science education, middle 5-8, physics education, 9-12, visual arts education, K-12, business education, 5-12, 2.75 GPA for elementary and special education integrated major, 3.00 GPA for social studies education 5-12. Corequisites: Concurrent enrollment in EDU 495 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Students earning a license to teach in two programs must also register for EDU 490. Both student teaching placements can occur within the same semester with the addition of student teaching during January Session. Course is graded on a S/U basis. There is a fee associated with this course. Students must provide their own transportation.

EDU 493 • Student Teaching Seminar 2 Credits

Designed to support students as they enter schools as a student teacher and continue through the semester into preparing for interviews and securing a teaching position. Provides time for students to ask questions, share stories, and work toward the required Authentic Assessment. Topics include assignments, and guest speakers require students to learn details important to their success in the classroom.
Prerequisites: EDU 470; EDU 471; EDU 473; EDU 474; EDU 476; EDU 477; Admission to student teaching and 2.75 GPA for k-6 elementary education, k-6 elementary education with communication arts and literature 5-8 endorsement, k-6 elementary education with mathematics 5-8 endorsement, k-6 elementary education social studies 5-8 endorsement, elementary education with middle school science, and elementary and special education integrated major. Corequisites: Concurrent enrollment in EDU 494 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Students earning a license to teach in two programs must also register for EDU 490. Both student teaching placements can occur within the same semester with the addition of student teaching during the January Session. This course is graded on an S/U basis.

EDU 494 • Student Teaching Elementary K-6 6-12 Credits

Students teach in a school setting corresponding with their license area(s). Student work with a cooperating teacher and grow into teaching independently. Attendance at regularly scheudled seminars is required.
Prerequisites: EDU 470; EDU 471; EDU 473; EDU 474; EDU 476; EDU 477; Admission to student teaching and 2.75 GPA for k-6 elementary education, k-6 elementary education with communication arts and literature 5-8 endorsement, k-6 elementary education with mathematics 5-8 endorsement, k-6 elementary education social studies 5-8 endorsement, elementary education with middle school science, and elementary and special education integrated major. Corequisites: Concurrent enrollment in EDU 493 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Students earning a license to teach in two programs must also register for EDU 490. Both student teaching placements can occur within the same semester with the addition of student teaching during the January Session. This course is graded on an S/U basis. Students must provide their own transportation.

EDU 495 • Student Teaching Seminar: K-12 and 5-12 Education Students 2 Credits

Supports students as student teachers and continues through the semester into preparing for interviews and securing a teaching position. Provides time for students to ask questions, share stories, and work toward the required Authentic Assessment. Students learn details important to their success in the classroom.
Prerequisites: One of the following: EDU 408, EDU 412, EDU 418, or EDU 433; Admission to student teaching and 2.50 GPA for majors in communication arts and literature education 5-12, mathematics education 5-12, music education k-12 (instrumental emphasis), music education k-12 (vocal emphasis), chemistry education 9-12, life science education 9-12, general science education, middle 5-8, physics education, 9-12, visual arts education, K-12, business education, 5-12, 2.75 GPA for elementary and special education integrated major, 3.00 GPA for social studies education 5-12. Corequisites: Concurrent enrollment in EDU 492 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: Students earning a license to teach in two programs must also register for EDU 490. Both student teaching placements can occur within the same semester with the addition of student teaching during the January Session. Course is graded on a S/U basis. There is a fee associated with this course.

EDUC 294 • Topics in Education 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Education theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

EDUC 355 • Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in Education 4 Credits

Reflection on racial consciousness and the impact of race and culture on school practices and pedagogy. Analysis of ways of knowing shaped by race and ethnicity. Examination of prejudice, bias, discrimination, and racism. Evaluation of intersections with other differences and exploration of Minnesota-based American Indian cultural perspectives.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing.

EDUC 379PT • Portfolio in Education 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Education.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

EDUC 396 • School-wide Systems Field Experience 2 Credits

Supervised observation in K-12 inclusive education setting. Analysis of student needs, classroom environments, and related cultural factors. Development of a personal standard for effective teaching. Implementation of effective lesson plans. Identification of MN edTPA language. Impact of personal faith on the special education teacher role. 30 hours over 10 weeks.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing.

EDUC 451 • Special Education Student Teaching Seminar 3 Credits

Development of strategies for personal and professional efficacy and engaging resources. Analysis of the impact teachers’ personal and professional practices, second language, and communication have on student learning. Alignment of an instructional plan with the needs of a learner. Application of academic language.
Prerequisites: SPED 205, SPED 309. SPED 322, SPED 401, SPED 410, SPED 418, SPED 432, SPED 442, SPED 454, SPED 470, SPED 474, TEAC 395, TEAC 521, TEAC 524, TEAC 526, TEAC 528. Corequisites: SPED 480H.

EDUC 452 • Special Education Teaching Seminar 2 Credits

Development of strategies for personal and professional efficacy and engaging resources. Analysis of the impact teachers’ personal and professional practices, second language, and communication have on student learning. Alignment of an instructional plan with the needs of a learner. Application of academic language.
Prerequisites: SPED 205, SPED 309. SPED 322, SPED 401, SPED 410, SPED 418, SPED 432, SPED 442, SPED 454, SPED 470, SPED 474, TEAC 395, TEAC 521, TEAC 524, TEAC 526, TEAC 528. Corequisites: SPED 480H. $300 fee for the state-required edTPA (performance assessment).

EDUC 520 • Education Standards Portfolio: Chemical Health 0.5 Credits

Exploration of the influences and misuses of tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and other chemicals impacting the learning environment inside and outside of school. Special Note: This course is for students who only need to meet certain PELSB standards and who do not need the full course.
Special Notes: This course is intended for students who only need to meet certain PELSB license standards.

EDUC 540 • Educational Standards Portfolio: Field Experiences in School-based Settings 2 Credits

Development of planning, assessment, self-assessment skills, co-teaching, instructional strategies, and professional dispositions in a 35-hour field experience. Observation of teachers’ use of culturally-responsive instructional practices. Application of current and emerging technologies to improve personal productivity and professional practice.
Special Notes: This course is intended for students who only need to meet certain PELSB license standards.

EDUC 560 • Education Standards Portfolio: Minnesota-based American Indian 0.5 Credits

Analysis of the cultural content, worldview, and concepts that comprise Minnesota-based American Indian tribal government, history, language, and culture.
Special Notes: This course is intended for students who only need to meet certain PELSB license standards.

EDUC 579PT • Portfolio in Education 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Education.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

EDUC 609 • Lab Safety Workshop 0 Credit

Exploration of safety standards and chemical hygiene for safe science laboratories. Examination of federal and state guidelines for classroom lab safety. Preparation for ACSC certification through a workshop and online assignments. Course may be waived for students with documented lab safety experience.
Lab fee: $250. Special Notes: Acceptance into Master of Arts in Teaching program required for enrollment. This course is graded on a S/U basis.

EDUC 614 • Locating Resources for Educational Research 1 Credit

Introduction of skills needed to search for and cite resources used in a teacher preparation program and master’s thesis. Identification of differences between research-based sources, non-research-based sources, and other scholarly sources on educational topics using discipline-specific resources.
Special Notes: Required of all master's degree-seeking students and strongly recommended for students seeking a license. Should be taken with a cohort of the student's same major except with program director's permission. This course is graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 619 • Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in Education 3 Credits

Reflection to increase racial consciousness. Analysis of how race, ethnicity, and culture shape pedagogy, school practices, and ways of knowing. Distinction among prejudice, bias, discrimination, and racism. Evaluation of intersectionality across forms of difference. Examination of the cultural content, worldviews, and concepts of Minnesota-based American Indian communities.

EDUC 647 • Field Experiences in School-Based Settings 5 Credits

Development of planning, assessment, self-assessment skills, instructional strategies, and professional dispositions. Application of information gained through observing general education, special education, EL, and other teachers and students with specific learning needs. Implementation of principles of effective instruction in the content area and grade level of licensure. Observation of teachers’ use of culturally-responsive instructional practices to incorporate students’ personal, cultural, and community assets. Application of current and emerging technologies to improve personal productivity and professional practice.
Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 659 • Social Studies 5-12 Teaching Methods 4 Credits

Methods and strategies for designing and implementing standards-based learning in secondary social studies using varied materials and educational technology. Development of formal and informal assessments to evaluate student progress. Examination of classroom management in technology-integrated settings, community engagement strategies, and the role of Christian or personal worldview in social studies instruction.
Prerequisites: TEAC 524 and TEAC 526.

EDUC 671 • Methods in Teaching 5-12 Mathematics 4 Credits

Designs and implements standards-based learning plans for secondary mathematics using diverse materials, technology, and multiple representations. Creates assessments, applies effective classroom management, engages stakeholders, and incorporates co-curricular and extracurricular activities. Connects biblical principles with culturally relevant mathematics instruction.
Prerequisites: TEAC 524 and TEAC 526.

EDUC 672 • Science 5-12 Teaching Methods 4 Credits

Designs and implements standards-based learning plans for secondary science. Creates assessments, applies effective classroom management in technology-integrated environments, and follows safety guidelines for specimens, data, chemicals, and equipment. Engages business, industry, and community partners, incorporates co- and extracurricular activities, and explores current science topics from a Christian and ethical perspective.
Prerequisites: TEAC 524 and TEAC 526.

EDUC 674 • Visual Arts K-12 Teaching Methods 4 Credits

Designs standards-based learning plans for K-12 visual arts. Creates assessments, applies effective classroom management in technology-integrated environments, and engages business, industry, and community partners. Explores history, philosophy, and purposes of visual arts education, teaching approaches in art history, religion, criticism, aesthetics, and develops art prototypes for learning environments.
Prerequisites: TEAC 524 and TEAC 526.

EDUC 678 • ESL K-12 Teaching Methods 4 Credits

Designs standards-based learning plans for K-12 English learners. Creates assessments, applies effective classroom management in technology-integrated environments, and explores second language acquisition theory and research. Demonstrates English speaking proficiency, engages stakeholders, incorporates co- and extracurricular activities, and integrates personal faith or worldview perspectives on teaching languages and culture.
Prerequisites: TEAC 524 and TEAC 526.

EDUC 679 • Communication Arts and Literature 5-12 Teaching Methods 4 Credits

Designs standards-based learning plans for secondary communication and language arts using diverse materials and technology. Creates formal and informal assessments, applies effective classroom management, and cultivates a professional, community-supported learning environment. Integrates philosophy, theory, research, Christian perspectives, and personal values.
Prerequisites: TEAC 524 and TEAC 526.

EDUC 689 • Business 5-12 Teaching Methods 4 Credits

Designs standards-based learning plans for secondary business students. Creates assessments, applies effective classroom management in technology-integrated environments, and engages business, industry, and community partners. Recruits students and organizes instruction on careers, entrepreneurship, work-based learning, and career and technical education aligned with key legislation.
Prerequisites: TEAC 524 and TEAC 526.

EDUC 694 • Topics in Education 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Education theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

EDUC 697 • Thesis Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment; required when the thesis/project course is incomplete. The extension allows students continued access to university resources. Student must be registered in an extension course at the time the thesis/project is granted final approval and receives a grade.
Prerequisites: EDUC 790. Special Notes: Course fee applies to this course.

EDUC 707 • Curriculum Design and Instructional Methods for Work-Based Learning 3 Credits

Explores resources linking academic coursework with life, work, and future education. Designs curricula integrating classroom skills with real-world applications. Evaluates career resources, analyzes faith-work connections, and identifies strategies supporting students with unique needs. Reflects on using online portfolios to synthesize and showcase accomplishments.

EDUC 722 • Literacy in Discipline-Specific Contexts 4 Credits

Analysis of research-based skills and assessment strategies, reading processes, and instructional practices in the content area. Integration of instructional strategies to support K-12 readers with specific learning needs. Implementation of reading research to develop vocabulary, academic language, fluency, orthographic knowledge, morphology, writing, and comprehension. Identification, review, and summarization of resources used for scholarly research using APA documentation.

EDUC 745 • Foundations of Classroom Management 3 Credits

Develop proactive skills for effective classroom leadership based on The Catalyst Approach. Strengthen relationships with students while creating a safe, inclusive, predictable, joyful, and productive learning environment that honors students' identities and cultural backgrounds. Establish habits for self-reflection and growth that accelerate implementation and promote continuous growth.

EDUC 753 • Teacher Candidate Seminar 3 Credits

Analyzes assessment data to monitor student progress and guide instruction. Applies strategies for behavior management, classroom teaching, collaboration, problem-solving, and self-assessment. Creates professional job search tools and examines social, ethical, legal, and human issues in information and technology. Integrates Christian or personal perspectives on Minnesota’s Code of Ethics.
Prerequisites: EDUC627, EDUC634, EDUC641, EDUC669, EDUC665 and one from: EDUC 659 or EDUC 671 or EDUC 672 or EDUC 674 or EDUC 678 or EDUC 679 or EDUC 689. Corequisites: EDUC778, EDUC 781. ENVoY classroom management training fee: $60.

EDUC 763 • Topics in Education 1-4 Credits

Advanced studies in education with the specific topic announced prior to registration.

EDUC 765 • Topics in Education 1-9 Credits

Selected topics in education.

EDUC 777 • Student Teaching Placement I 5 Credits

Plans and implements discipline-specific, standards-based instruction that is culturally relevant and grounded in research and theory. Uses educational technology and addresses diverse student needs. Applies formal and informal assessments to monitor growth, provide feedback, and guide instruction. Executes effective classroom management techniques.
Prerequisites: EDUC 647 and choose one from the following: EDUC 659, EDUC 671, EDUC 672, EDUC 674, EDUC 678, EDUC 679 or EDUC 689. Student teaching fee: $150; Out of state fee: varies. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 781 • Student Teaching II 1 Credit

Continues student teaching for K-12 and add-on licenses. Plans and implements discipline-specific, standards-based instruction that is culturally relevant and grounded in research and theory. Uses educational technology and addresses diverse student needs. Applies formal and informal assessments to monitor growth, provide feedback, and guide instruction. Executes effective classroom management.
Prerequisites: EDUC 777 for initial licensure students. No prerequisite is required for add-on licensure students. Student Teaching Fee: $100, Out of state: varies. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 790 • Writing the Thesis/Collaborative Research Project 3 Credits

Exploration of a significant educational issue relevant to the student's professional involvement through an independent thesis or collaborative, research project. Oral defense of student’s thesis or project following collaboration with thesis advisor to ensure guidelines were followed and requirements met as noted in the Bethel University Graduate Education Thesis Handbook.
Prerequisites: EDUC755. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 795 • Writing the Thesis 4 Credits

Exploration of a significant educational issue relevant to the student's profession through writing an independent thesis or collaborative research project. Recognition of the characteristics of quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, meta-analysis, and action research designs. Reflection on research ethics from a Christian worldview. Oral defense of student’s thesis or project.
Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 800 • Leadership & Theory Foundations 4 Credits

Examination of the roles school leaders play as they pertain to ethics and influencing the school community. Analysis of the historical, philosophical and cultural aspects of educational reform. Analysis of leadership simulations using a combination of models for decision making, human communications, conflict management, organizational change, vision building, and school communication Exploration of the balance between personal faith and/or values and professional leadership in an environment characterized by separation of church and state.
Special Notes: A course fee of $300 applies to this course.

EDUC 801 • Historical, Cultural, and Philosophical Issues Impacting Higher Education 4 Credits

Exploration of the historical, cultural, and philosophical trends contributing to the higher education landscape. Current and emerging roles of educational leaders within this landscape are analyzed and practices of self-differentiation and reflection essential to the process of personal formation and ability to inspire and lead are applied.
Ed.D. assessment fee: $300.

EDUC 802 • Leadership Evolution 3 Credits

Exploration and application of leadership strategies and practices that build capacity to lead complex educational change. Development of self-awareness as foundational to inclusive, relational leadership. Establishing a professional network to become a catalyst for a more prosperous future in preK-12 education.
Prerequisites: Program Director approval. No tuition fee; $200 transcription fee.

EDUC 807 • Organizational Leadership in Higher Education 4 Credits

Analysis of theories related to higher education leadership, organization, and culture, and associated application to decision making, organizational change and conflict management. Connection of organizational theories and cultural concepts with effective approaches to leadership that includes integration of faith and values into developing personal leadership capabilities.

EDUC 810 • Curriculum, Instruction, & Assessment 4 Credits

Engages in contextual learning applying principles of curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Develops effective curricular and instructional plans for organizations. Analyzes district-wide literacy initiatives and leads school-wide literacy efforts. Explores professional development, research, and best practices for integrating curriculum, instruction, and technology.

EDUC 812 • Curriculum Design and Instructional Management in Higher Education 4 Credits

Analyzes fundamentals of curriculum design, planning, and implementation, considering trends, issues, and forces in higher education. Explores connections between student development, personal formation, and professional growth with learning theories. Applies models for collaborating with academic departments and engages diverse culturally and academically student populations.

EDUC 820 • Doctoral Research I 4 Credits

Assessment of the overall role of research in educational administration. Development of the philosophical foundations of empirical research with an emphasis on qualitative research design and methodology. Critique and analysis of qualitative research in the literature. Application of sound research principles in the design of a basic qualitative study.

EDUC 822 • Systems Change to Meet the Needs of All Stakeholders 4 Credits

Explores educational leaders’ roles in developing relationships with students, families, and communities to address stakeholder needs. Applies research-based practices for organizational change supporting social-emotional learning, culturally and linguistically diverse learners, mental health, and trauma. Addresses biases and fosters educational equity through culturally responsive leadership.

EDUC 825 • Leadership for Inclusive Learning Environments 4 Credits

Exploration of the dynamics of engaging differences, including cultural, ethnic, religious, gender, ability, age differences, and others. Focus on providing effective leadership in pluralistic systems, including creating a hospitable organizational environment and maintaining relationships with diverse partners and stakeholders. Analysis of assumptions, beliefs, behaviors, and capacities with regard to differences.

EDUC 827 • Leading in a Complex and Pluralistic Society 4 Credits

Analyzes strategies for engaging diversity in higher education. Explores the impact of cultural intelligence on leadership in complex, pluralistic systems. Develops personal formation strategies for effective leadership in diverse settings. Plans for greater inclusion of diverse members and enhances organizational capacity amid changing higher education demographics.

EDUC 830 • Administration of Essential Educational Programs 4 Credits

Analysis of school policies and procedures to ensure that essential programs are in place. Awareness of how personal belief systems affect decision-making. Examination of school relationships, communication, culture and environment, teachers and student engagement, school supervision, safety, instructional supervision, and student learning.

EDUC 832 • Leadership of Academic & Support Systems 4 Credits

Explores functions within academic and support departments in colleges and universities. Analyzes institutional practices across academics, human resources, enrollment, student support, marketing, and development. Evaluates leadership skills to address higher education challenges and integrates personal values and belief systems with best practices in educational leadership.

EDUC 837 • Institutional Assessment in Higher Education 2 Credits

Develops effective assessment plans for higher education academic or student life programs. Creates and evaluates assessment reports, synthesizes data from nationally normed instruments, and applies rubrics to measure outcomes. Examines intersections of faith, spirituality, and values with ethical issues in higher education assessment.

EDUC 840 • Operations and Personnel Administration 4 Credits

Application of personal and organizational management skills. Synthesis of school/district mission and vision in systemic planning and relationship between leadership and conflict management. Development of communication to foster public relations and address organizational politics. Analysis of the factors of school cultures. Integration of faith/worldview and core values with leadership strategies.

EDUC 843 • Strategic Leadership in a Changing Higher Education Landscape 4 Credits

Develop strategic and adaptive leadership skills to navigate higher education. Examine critical issues and trends shaping the field. Analyze personal leadership strengths, values, and philosophy to lead transformational change. Integrate leadership theory with practical application to lead in an uncertain and rapidly changing higher education environment.

EDUC 845 • Doctoral Research II 4 Credits

Development of the philosophical foundations of empirical research with an emphasis on quantitative research design and methodology. Critique and analysis of quantitative research in the literature. Application of sound research principles in the design of a basic quantitative study. Acquisition of human subjects research ethics.
Prerequisites: EDUC 820.

EDUC 846 • Academic Writing for Graduate Students 4 Credits

Application of the process approach and stylistic devices appropriate to research writing. Synthesis of others' work through summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting. Demonstration of knowledge and skill in using APA citation style. Practicing of curiosity, open-mindedness, humility, and intellectual courage. Scaffolded approach to creation of a research paper or literature review.
Special Notes: Course may be repeated for credit.

EDUC 850 • Doctoral Research III 4 Credits

Exploration and examination of both qualitative and quantitative research, including sampling, measurement, data collection, and analysis. Training in the use of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis software. Integration of faith and/or ethical values in research. Application of research design and theories to the dissertation prospectus.
Prerequisites: EDUC 845.

EDUC 859 • Student Engagement in Higher Education 3 Credits

Theory and practice of student development, student success, and academic engagement in higher education. The practical application of student development, academic success, and student retention theories through policies, strategies, interventions, and trust-worthy practices for diverse students groups, including traditional, non-traditional, and online.

EDUC 860 • Legal Issues in School Administration 4 Credits

Examination of educational laws and policies, the process by which they are created, and their impact on schools. Analysis of leadership and communication around legal issues and policies, with emphasis on accuracy, clarity, and correct implementation. Evaluation of laws and policies, their application and outcomes, and recommended changes.

EDUC 862 • Legal Issues in Higher Education 4 Credits

Understanding of how the legal system influences post-secondary institutions, focusing on a leaders’ role in managing complex legal challenges. Analysis of the relationships between higher education institutions and external bodies, such as regulatory agencies and special interest groups. Exploration of how faith and ethics impact legal issues in higher education.
Special Notes: This course can be graded A-F or S/U.

EDUC 863 • Topics in Education 1-4 Credits

Advanced studies in education with the specific topic announced prior to registration.

EDUC 865 • Resource Management 4 Credits

Examines constitutional authority for public school funding and tax structures. Evaluates budgets and publications against best practices. Applies emerging practices and key aspects of human resource management. Analyzes resource allocation to improve student learning. Explores connections between personal values, ethics, and resource management in schools.

EDUC 867 • Budgeting and Fiscal Management in Higher Education 4 Credits

Explains core concepts of nonprofit financial management and the role of budgeting in educational institutions. Applies accounting principles and financial management practices, develops effective budgeting strategies, evaluates financial decision impacts, and integrates faith and ethical considerations into higher education financial management.

EDUC 868 • Director of Special Education 4 Credits

Applies state and federal laws, rules, and procedures governing Special Education funding, administration, and district practices, including board meetings and policies. Evaluates available resources and agencies serving Minnesota students with disabilities and families. Designs, implements, and assesses Special Education programs through needs assessment and program development.
Special Notes: EDUC 889 is a recommended corequisite.

EDUC 870 • Doctoral Research IV 4 Credits

Application of research design principles including selection of participants, instruments/protocols, data collection approaches, data analyses, field tests. Analysis of limitations/delimitations and ethical issues in research. Evaluation and development of data collection tools and protocols. Analysis of data using appropriate methods and tools.
Prerequisites: EDUC 850.

EDUC 877 • Practical Experience Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment following the term in which a doctoral level EDUC internship, practicum, clinical or other experiential course was taken, required when there are outstanding hours to be completed.

EDUC 879PT • Portfolio in Education 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Education.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

EDUC 880 • Comprehensive Exam 0 Credit

Comprehensive examination and the portfolio review after completion of the student's final leadership course.
Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 881 • Comprehensive Exam 1 Credit

Comprehensive examination and the portfolio review after completion of the student's final leadership course.
Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 882 • Directed Study 1-6 Credits

Individual educational objectives in a specific area of study. Independent reading and/or research, or travel with related study. Designed in cooperation with program director and cohort advisor. Can also be taken by Ed.D. students completing not seeking a license.
Special Notes: Course may be repeated for credit.

EDUC 883 • Scholarly Advancement in K-12 Leadership 2,4 Credits

Advance scholarship through professional development engagement focused on a relevant K-12 education topic. Synthesis of faith/values and personal experience with course content and new learnings. Demonstration of self-awareness of leadership formation. Application of acquired knowledge in the K-12 setting.
Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis. Special Notes: Course can be repeated twice for a total of six credits.

EDUC 884 • Applied Leadership 1-4 Credits

Application of theory and frameworks to expand leadership capacity. Implementation of a leadership project incorporating communication and collaboration skills. Integration of leadership concepts and insights from courses, research, and personal experiences.
Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis. Special Notes: Course can be repeated twice for a total of eight credits.

EDUC 885 • Individualized Project in Higher Education 2-4 Credits

Students design and complete a practical application project that integrates concepts and insights from courses, research, and personal experiences.
Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis. Special Notes: Course may be repeated for credit.

EDUC 886 • Principal Internship 2 Credits

School-based experience of at least 320 hours. 240 hours at one setting and 40 hours at each of the other two levels. Joint supervision of Bethel faculty and onsite licensed and practicing principal. Direct experience in administrative duties and synthesis of learning between academic program and host district administrative needs.
Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis. Internships may be paid or unpaid.

EDUC 887 • Superintendent Internship 2 Credits

School-based experience of at least 320 hours, up to 280 hours in the primary setting, and 40 hours in a second setting. Joint supervision of Bethel faculty and onsite licensed and practicing superintendent. Direct experience in administrative duties and synthesis of learning between academic program and host district administrative needs.
Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis. Internship may be paid or unpaid.

EDUC 888 • Teaching Internship 1-4 Credits

Teaching internship for students seeking an administrative license without the required teaching experience.
Prerequisites: Program Director permission. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 889 • Director of Special Education Internship 2 Credits

School-based experience of at least 320 hours; at least 40 hours at a special education administrative unit other than student’s primary experience. Jointly supervised by Bethel faculty and onsite licensed and practicing special education director. Direct experience in administrative duties; synthesis of learning between academic program and host district administrative needs.
Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 890 • Dissertation Phase One 6 Credits

Development of the major research for one's academic doctoral degree. The four previous research courses provide the foundation for students to develop their dissertation proposals. Guidance is provided by the students' dissertation advisors.
Prerequisites: EDUC 870. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 891 • Dissertation Phase Two 5 Credits

A continuation of EDUC 890. Following the Dissertation Procedures Guide, students work with their dissertation advisor and committee toward dissertation completion.
Prerequisites: EDUC 890. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 892 • Dissertation Phase Three 1 Credit

A continuation of EDUC 891. Upon a successful final dissertation defense and submission of the dissertation to the library, a course grade is posted. Students not meeting requirements will be shifted to extension status.
Prerequisites: EDUC 891. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 893 • Dissertation Phase I 4 Credits

Development of the major research for one's academic doctoral degree. The four previous research courses provide the foundation for students to develop their dissertation proposals. Guidance is provided by the students' dissertation advisors.
Prerequisites: EDUC 870 (man be taken concurrently). Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 894 • Dissertation Phase II 3 Credits

A continuation of EDUC 893. Following the Dissertation Procedures Guide, students work with their dissertation advisor and committee toward dissertation completion.
Prerequisites: EDUC 893. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 895 • Dissertation Phase III 1 Credit

A continuation of EDUC 894. Upon a successful final dissertation defense, a course grade is posted. Students not meeting requirements will be shifted to extension status.
Prerequisites: EDUC 894. Can be taken concurrently. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

EDUC 897 • Dissertation Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment; required when the thesis/project course is incomplete. The extension allows students continued access to university resources. Student must be registered in an extension course at the time the thesis/project is granted final approval and receives a grade.
Prerequisites: EDUC 895. Special Notes: This course carries a course fee.

ENGL 100 • Literature: How Stories Change the World 4 Credits

Introductory exploration of great stories (both poetry and prose) and their power to illuminate the human experience, connect with readers’ minds and hearts, and portray great ideas, hopes, joys, and sorrows. Students gain experience interpreting literature with greater comprehension and pleasure.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 6.

ENGL 130 • College Composition 4 Credits

Development of skills necessary for expressing oneself competently through writing. Emphasis is on the writing process, critical thinking, sensitivity to audience, core documentation skills and responsibilities, and revision (with peer and instructor feedback).
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 1.

ENGL 230R • Inquiry Writing Seminar 4 Credits

Explores a topic of interest while developing college-level research, writing, and presentation skills. Collects, evaluates, and synthesizes sources. Formulates, develops, and supports a thesis. Plans, drafts, edits, and documents work. Considers rhetorical situations, organizes and delivers oral presentations, and receives formative feedback from peers and instructors. Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 1.

ENGL 294 • Topics in English 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular English theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

ENGL 379PT • Portfolio in English 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of English.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

ENJ 100 • How Stories Change the World: How to Read & Why 4 Credits

Introductory exploration of great stories (both poetry and prose) and their power to illuminate the human experience, connect with readers’ minds and hearts, and portray great ideas, hopes, joys, and sorrows. Students gain experience interpreting literature with greater comprehension and pleasure.
Offered: Fall or Spring.

ENJ 102 • British Literature 4 Credits

An exploration of great stories (both poetry and prose) from the British Isles. Students enhance comprehension and appreciation through study of historical and cultural contexts as well as literary interpretation skills.
Offered: Spring, odd # years.

ENJ 103 • Topics in American Literature 4 Credits

Through a combination of survey and deep dive into a literary movement, students engage American literature within its historical and cultural contexts and its significance to American life today.
Offered: Spring, even # years.

ENJ 110A • Introduction to Creative Writing 4 Credits

Exploration of the creative act, addressing writing as a means for discovering the created world and ourselves as created beings within it. Emphasis on writing original work in three major genres: fiction, creative nonfiction, and poetry.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

ENJ 120 • Reporting 4 Credits

Introduction to fundamentals of reporting and writing for the news media, emphasizing print journalism. Covers news values, news judgment, the structure of news stories, information gathering, research techniques, and Associated Press style. Students learn to write quickly, accurately, and concisely on deadline.
Offered: Fall.

ENJ 200L • Story in Modern America 4 Credits

Explores forms, purposes, and functions of American story and how they have evolved. Students examine their roles and responsibilities as truth-seekers by reading, viewing, and creating texts - from short story to graphic novel, from film to podcast - that challenge and confirm assumptions about story in modern American culture.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 or GES 149. Offered: Fall.

ENJ 201 • Literature on Location: Minnesota Authors 4 Credits

Explore Minnesota and the storytellers who have shaped its past and its present, and will shape its future. Learn how place matters in literature and how contexts matter in reading and writing. Read and experience Minnesota writers from Fitzgerald to Erdich in the landscapes of prairie, lakes, rivers, and cities.
Offered: January, odd # years.

ENJ 202 • Juvenile Literature 4 Credits

An exploration of a wide range of books written for children and teens in grades 5-9, as well as resources for effectively finding, reading, and interacting with them. Major topics of discussion include censorship, diversity, representation, and literary merit.
Offered: Spring, even # years.

ENJ 203U • World Literature 4 Credits

Focused study of literature from a non-western region of the world, examining social and historical contexts.
Prerequisites: GES 130 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Spring, odd # years.

ENJ 204L • Modern Mythmakers 4 Credits

Consideration of how writers and filmmakers appropriate mythic structures and archetypes to create meaningful narratives of human experience. Modern mythmakers may include: J.R.R. Tolkien, George Lucas, Toni Morrison, C.S. Lewis, and others.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Occasionally.

ENJ 210A • Prose Studio 4 Credits

A workshop for exploring and sharpening prose style in nonfiction forms utilized in blogs, personal essays, technical writing, and op-ed writing. Includes reading and writing in a variety of prose forms, voices, and topics to assist students in developing persuasive, precise, and personal writing styles.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 or GES 149. Offered: Occasionally.

ENJ 211 • Methods of Tutoring Writing 1 Credit

Introduction to the practical applications of writing theory, with a focus on tutoring student writers. Course readings with supervision will guide reflection on the student’s work as a Writing Center tutor.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall or Spring. Special Notes: This course is required of all first-time Writing Center tutors.

ENJ 300 • Shakespeare: The Art of the Dramatist 4 Credits

Major plays in Shakespeare’s distinct periods and genres: history, comedy, tragedy, and romance. Both literary and theatrical aspects are examined, with attention to historical context. Emphasis on performance.
Offered: Spring, even # years.

ENJ 305G • Truth-Telling: The Stories of Resistance 4 Credits

Literature, film, and stories that reveal truths regarding systems of oppression. Explores the struggle for justice through the narratives and the imaginative response of the oppressed. Literary historical foci include the Holocaust, the experience of Native Americans, African Americans, women, and the oppressed in Minnesota.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Fall.

ENJ 310 • Ways of Reading 4 Credits

Theory offers us a deeper way to engage with texts. Students interact with texts through a succession of perspectives and apply concepts and techniques for engaging with literature and culture in more perceptive and satisfying ways.
Prerequisites: ENJ 100. Offered: Occasionally.

ENJ 311 • Writing for Social Change 4 Credits

An exploration of persuasive writing through essays, blogs, and opinion pieces in which students use their writing skills to engage in public discourse of important issues in the hope of initiating social change.
Prerequisites: ENJ 120 or ENJ 210A. Offered: Occasionally.

ENJ 312AZ • Travel Writing 4 Credits

Art and craft of travel writing studied and practiced while traveling. Focus on reading travel writing from the past and present, and writing about one’s own travel experience as it happens. May also include reading literature and other books related to the place of travel.
Prerequisites: GES 104. Offered: January, odd # years.

ENJ 314A • Fiction Writing 4 Credits

Practice in modern narrative techniques. Emphasis on writing and peer criticism of short fiction.
Offered: Fall, even # years.

ENJ 315A • Poetry Writing 4 Credits

Metrics, imagery, and other techniques of versification, with practice in writing in a wide variety of genres.
Offered: Spring, even # years.

ENJ 317 • Publishing & Being Published 4 Credits

Connect with local literary publishing houses to learn about the editorial processes of professional publishing. Obtain hands-on experience by participating in all aspects of publishing Bethel's literary arts journal, Coeval: from reviewing submissions and selecting content to editing and designing. Students will also submit their own creative work for publication.
Prerequisites: ENJ 110A. Offered: Spring.

ENJ 325 • Topics in Journalism 4 Credits

Study of a specialized topic of relevance to the practicing journalist with emphasis on the impact of journalism within a specific cultural context and the unique role of the Christian journalist.
Prerequisites: ENJ 120. Offered: Occasionally.

ENJ 330 • Topics in Literary Studies 4 Credits

Close study in a specific topic or genre of literature. Emphasis on applying the skills of literature study to a closely-focused topic.
Prerequisites: ENJ 100. Offered: Occasionally.

ENJ 498 • Internship in Writing 3-4 Credits

Placement in an off-campus writing position. Must be planned well in advance of placement in consultation with advisor.
Prerequisites: Major or minor in the English department and Completion of 10 credit hours in English. Offered: By arrangement.

ENJ 499 • StoryForge 4 Credits

Complete a capstone project that implements and showcases skills gained throughout your education in and outside the classroom. As a crucible and scaffold, the course models a structure for vibrant, responsive, sustainable independent work to bridge students to career, graduate school, or freelance work.
Prerequisites: Major in the department of English. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course can be repeated for credit.

ENR 160 • Introduction to Engineering 2 Credits

Introduction to engineering fields, engineering practice, engineering work, and the tools and techniques that engineers use. Topics include: engineering design process and methodology, the development of specifications and prototypes, and the ethics and responsibilities of engineers.
Offered: Fall.

ENR 260 • Careers in Engineering and Physics Seminar 1 Credit

Developing careers in high-technology fields such as engineering and physics. Explores the wide variety of specific careers possible through video, lecture, tours, and guest speakers. Develops practical professional skills such as writing resumes and cover letters, accumulating connections and experience, and techniques for interviewing.
Prerequisites: PHY 292/PHY 292D; PHY 296/PHY 297 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in physics.

ENR 265 • Computer Aided Design and Engineering 2 Credits

An introduction to computer aided design tools and techniques. Emphasizes the generation of engineering graphics necessary for the engineering design process, such as two-dimensional drawing and three-dimensional solid modeling. Other topics may include simulation modeling and manufacturing considerations.
Offered: Fall. Special Notes: ENR 160 is a recommended prerequisite.

ENR 304 • Engineering Materials and Manufacturing 3 Credits

Introduction to material properties and selection for engineering applications. Topics include: materials and their characteristics; design-based material selection; crystallography; material properties; fracture; fatigue; phase diagrams; engineering alloys; forming, separation, and shaping as manufacturing process for materials; processing of materials according to their properties; surface treatments.
Prerequisites: MAT 125; CHE 113/CHE 113D; PHY 292/PHY 292D with a grade of a C or higher. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

ENR 306 • Digital Logic and Design 3 Credits

Topics may include Boolean algebra, design and optimization of combinational and sequential logic, the use of programmable logic devices such as FPGA, VHDL or Verilog modeling, and an introduction to processors and memory. Extensive lab experience in the simulation, design, construction and testing of digital circuits.
Prerequisites: PHY 302/PHY 303 and MAT 125. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 307 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years.

ENR 307 • Digital Logic and Design Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying ENR 306.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 306 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years.

ENR 308 • Statics and Mechanics of Materials 4 Credits

Force and moment vectors, equilibrium of rigid bodies in two and three dimensions; trusses, friction, centroids, and moments of inertia. Linear elasticity; introduction to stress and strain analysis applied to beams, vessels, pipes, and combined loading; stress and strain; axial, flexural, and torsional deflections for linear elastic materials.
Prerequisites: MAT 223 (may be taken concurrently) and PHY 292/PHY 292D with a grade of a C or higher. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

ENR 316 • Analog Circuitry and Design 3 Credits

Feedback principles and electronic circuit theory and device theory applied to multistage transistor amplifiers. Detailed study of operational amplifiers. Power supply design. Nonlinear circuits. Introduction to filter theory, noise analysis, and low noise design. Circuit design and construction experience emphasized in projects and the laboratory.
Prerequisites: PHY 302/PHY 303; [MAT 222 or MAT 224 (may be taken concurrently)] Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 317 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

ENR 317 • Analog Circuitry & Design Lab 1 Credit

Lab experience accompanying ENR 316.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 316 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

ENR 318 • Engineering Thermal Science 3 Credits

Fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Energy transfer modes. The properties, equations of state, processes, and cycles for reversible/irreversible thermodynamic systems. Equations for conservation of mass and energy, plus entropy balances. Application of thermodynamic principles to modern engineering systems.
Prerequisites: PHY 296/PHY 297 with a grade of a C or higher and one of the following: MAT 222, MAT 223, or MAT 224. Offered: Spring, even # years.

ENR 321 • Statistical Methods in Engineering 2 Credits

Development of skill in statistical techniques useful to practicing engineers. Included are: random variables and processes; probability distributions and cumulative functions; confidence intervals; hypothesis testing; quality control; random sampling.
Prerequisites: [MAT 222 or MAT 224 (may be taken concurrently)] and MAT 223. Offered: Fall.

ENR 322 • Mathematical Methods in Physics and Engineering 2 Credits

Development of skill in mathematical techniques useful in the solution of physics and engineering problems. Included are Fourier analysis; complex numbers; partial differential equations and their solutions.
Prerequisites: [MAT 222 or MAT 224 (may be taken concurrently)] and MAT 223. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit with physics. ENR 321 is a strongly recommended prerequisite.

ENR 326 • Circuit Analysis & Simulations 4 Credits

Circuit analysis techniques as applied to sinusoidal steady state analysis with power calculations, first and second order transient analysis in both time and Laplace domains, three-phase circuits and magnetically coupled circuits. Additional topics include: frequency response, resonance, filters, Bode plots. Simulation of electrical and electronic circuits are emphasized.
Prerequisites: [(MAT 222 or MAT 224) and MAT 223 (may be taken concurrently)] and PHY 302/PHY 303. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

ENR 336 • Signals and Systems 4 Credits

Continuous and discrete-time signals and systems. Topics include: definitions and properties of signals and systems, convolution, solution of differential and difference equations, Laplace and Z transforms, and Fourier analysis. Emphasis on applications to signal processing, communication and control systems.
Prerequisites: MAT 222 or MAT 224; PHY 302/PHY 303; ENR 352/PHY 352; ENR 353/PHY 353. Offered: Fall, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit with physics.

ENR 340 • Mechanics 4 Credits

Particle and rigid body dynamics, conservative and nonconservative forces, central forces, accelerated coordinate systems, and Lagrange’s equations of motion.
Prerequisites: PHY 296/PHY 297 with a C grade or higher and MAT 223. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit in physics.

ENR 348 • Heat Transfer 3 Credits

Further development of the understanding of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, mathematics, and physics. The problems in heat transfer and system design are emphasized for systems in which thermal transport processes are important.
Prerequisites: ENR 318 and MAT 222 or MAT 224. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

ENR 352 • Computer Methods in Physics and Engineering 3 Credits

Application of the computer to solve applied problems of interest to physicists and engineers. Computer techniques are developed for numerical methods, simulation models, and data acquisition and control in the laboratory.
Prerequisites: COS 101 or COS 111 and MAT 223 or MAT 224 and PHY 296/PHY 297 with a grade of a C or higher or Consent of instructor. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 353 is required. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: PHY 302/PHY 303 is a recommended prerequisite. This course carries cross-credit in physics.

ENR 353 • Computer Methods in Physics and Engineering Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying ENR 352.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 352 is required. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in physics.

ENR 356 • Applied Strength of Materials 3 Credits

How the fundamental concepts of stress, strain, and deformation associated with mechanical loading are used in mechanical design. Topics include: axial tensile and compressive effects, torsion, and bending; stress-strain relationships, safety factor, beam deflection methods, buckling, failure prevention theories for ductile and brittle materials, fatigue-life methods and fatigue failure criteria.
Prerequisites: ENR 265; ENR 304 (may be taken concurrently); ENR 308; MAT 223. Corequisites: Concurrent enrollment in ENR 357 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

ENR 357 • Applied Strength of Materials Laboratory 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying ENR 356.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 356 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

ENR 358 • Design of Mechanical Components 4 Credits

Emphasizes product design. Developing a mechanical component design problem. Selecting standard mechanical components such as bearings, gears, springs, and fasteners. Analysis and synthesis of motion in machines. Displacement, velocity, and acceleration of mechanisms. Introduction to lubrication theory, flexible mechanical elements, and power transmissions.
Prerequisites: ENR 356/ENR 357. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: PHY 340 is a recommended prerequisite.

ENR 402 • Mechanical Measurements Lab 3 Credits

A laboratory course focused on careful measurements of physical properties such as temperature, pressure, stress, force, emissivity, and vibration modes. Emphasis placed on experimental methods, statistical estimates of experimental uncertainty, methods of calibration, transducers for mechanical measurement, data acquisition and processing. Appropriate written and oral presentations of measurements.
Prerequisites: ENR 304; MAT 223; PHY 296/PHY 297. Offered: Spring, even # years.

ENR 420 • Software Process 3 Credits

Balancing the various real-world challenges that a software engineer encounters, including ambiguity, conflicting requirements, task-time estimation, team dynamics, requests from customers, product managers or architects.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring, odd # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit with computer science. ENR 477 is a recommended prerequisite.

ENR 422 • Fluid Mechanics 3 Credits

Laws of statics, kinematics, and dynamics applied to fluid mechanics. Integral and differential conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy. Dimensional analysis, viscous pipe flow, boundary layers, separated flows, and potential flow.
Prerequisites: MAT 223 and PHY 296/PHY 297 with a grade of a C or higher or Consent of instructor. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 423 is required. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in physics.

ENR 423 • Fluid Mechanics Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying ENR 422.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 422 is required. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in physics.

ENR 424 • Electronic Materials and Devices 3 Credits

Theory and application of condensed matter and materials. Physical origin of electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties. Emphasis on devices such as pn junction diodes, LEDs, piezoelectrics, and sensors.
Prerequisites: PHY 302/PHY 303 or PHY 312/PHY 313. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 425 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in physics.

ENR 425 • Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory 1 Credit

Laboratory component of ENR 424. Explores characterization of materials and the design, fabrication, and testing of devices.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 424 required. Offered: Fall, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in physics.

ENR 436 • Microprocessors 3 Credits

Advanced principles of microcomputer hardware and software. Topics include: computer organization, instruction sets and addressing modes, assembly language programming, arithmetic and logic operations, input/output, buffers, interrupts and special purpose features such as A/D converters.
Prerequisites: ENR 306/ENR 307. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 437 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years.

ENR 437 • Microprocessors Lab 1 Credit

Lab experience accompanying ENR 436.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 436 is required. Offered: Fall, even # years.

ENR 446 • Control Systems 3 Credits

Time and frequency domain representation of feedback control systems. Topics include: stability criteria, root locus methods, frequency response techniques, digital implementation and hardware considerations.
Prerequisites: PHY 302/PHY 303; MAT 222 or MAT 224 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 447 is required. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

ENR 447 • Control Systems Lab 1 Credit

Lab experience accompanying ENR 446.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENR 446 is required. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

ENR 450 • Topics in Physics and Engineering 3-4 Credits

Topics selected from various fields of engineering and physics for the purpose of illustrating the practical application of physical principles. Emphasis on developing the skills and viewpoints commonly used by engineers and physicists. The field of engineering or physics is announced prior to registration.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. Offered: Occasionally. Special Notes: This course may be repeated when a different topic is emphasized. This course carries cross-credit in physics.

ENR 465 • Engineering Design Seminar 1 Credit

Prepares students for engineering practice through a major design experience. Design projects have a major engineering component to them and are intentionally multi-disciplinary in nature. Students work in teams to design a system to meet a given specification that requires the incorporation of relevant engineering standards.
Prerequisites: Senior standing and Major in engineering. Offered: Fall.

ENR 477 • Software Engineering 2 Credits

Formal approach to the design and development of software. Multiple process models discussed and compared. Other topics include design patterns, project management and estimation, team management, formal methods, documentation, system and data description, verification and validation, and process improvement.
Prerequisites: COS 277 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit with computer science.

ENR 490 • Engineering Design Project 3 Credits

Prepares students for engineering practice through a major design and prototyping experience. The design produced in ENR 465 is the basis for building a prototype system. The prototype incorporates relevant engineering standards. Final designs and prototypes are documented in a professional manner and presented publicly.
Prerequisites: ENR 465. Offered: Spring.

ENS 104 • Environment and Humanity 3 Credits

Interrelationships and interactions of humans with the natural environment in which they live. Causes of and potential solutions to environmental problems like pollution of water, air, and soil; extinction of wildlife; and degradation of natural and human ecosystems are examined, using the science of ecology as a knowledge base.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENS 104D is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

ENS 104D • Environment and Humanity Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying ENS 104. Includes some outdoor and off-campus investigations.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENS 104 is required. Offered: Fall, Spring.

ENS 205L • Sustainable Living 4 Credits

A multidisciplinary approach to the challenges of living a sustainable life in a complex world. Considers how ecological, ethical, and cultural understandings inform our responsibility for personal and global decisions.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Spring.

ENS 316 • Wildlife Ecology 3 Credits

Analysis of terrestrial vertebrate populations, communities, and habitats. Exploration of how these analyses are applied to the manipulation, exploitation, protection, and restoration of animal populations and communities.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently) and Junior or senior standing. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENS 317 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in biology. This course is not open to students who have taken AUS 316.

ENS 317 • Wildlife Ecology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying ENS 316. Includes some outdoor and off-campus investigations.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENS 316 is required. Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in biology.

ENS 318KZ • Ecology in the Tropics: Natural History and Future Prospects 4 Credits

Travel in Ecuador or Kenya surveying the land, climate, plans, animals, homes, transportation, and industries, noting especially the impact of human presence. Kenya includes Nairobi, African savanna, the Rift valley, and Masai Mara. Ecuador includes the Amazon rainforest, Andean cloud forests, volcanic mountains, highlands, towns, cities, and the Galapagos Islands.
Prerequisites: GES 104; Laboratory Science (D) course; Mathematics (M) course. Offered: January. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in biology and general studies.

ENS 330 • Ecology 3 Credits

Structure and function of wild nature. Topics include: interrelationships of organisms with their environments, factors that regulate such interrelationships, and various roles that humans play in modifying patterns and processes of nature at organism, community, and ecosystem levels.
Prerequisites: BIO 218 (may be taken concurrently). Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENS 331 is required. Offered: Fall, odd # years. Special Notes: This is a designated research course. This course carries cross credit in biology.

ENS 331 • Ecology Lab 1 Credit

Laboratory experience accompanying BIO 330.
Corequisites: Concurrent registration in ENS 330. Offered: Fall, odd # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit in biology.

ENS 335K • Environmental Ethics 4 Credits

Examines the intersection of science, society, and technology as it pertains to issues in environmental ethics. Moves from theory to application by concluding with a major research project on an applied issue in environmental ethics involving scientific data and technological choice.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: January, Occasionally spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in philosophy.

ENS 399 • Introduction to Research 2 Credits

An introduction to research methodology in the environmental sciences, with experience in the use of environmental literature and an examination of how to distinguish and evaluate different types of scientific writing and presentations. Experience in the development of a research proposal.
Prerequisites: Major in biology or environmental science and BIO 218 or Major in biochemistry/molecular biology and BIO 124/BIO 124D and BIO 128/BIO 128D; Junior standing. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in biology.

ENS 481 • Internship in Environmental Science 3-4 Credits

Off-campus field experience working with an environmental organization, business, or governmental agency.
Prerequisites: Major in environmental science. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

ENS 496 • Research in Environmental Science 1 Credit

An opportunity to become involved in an independent research project of the student’s choosing in some area of environmental studies. Experience in the collection, manipulation, analysis, and portrayal of information and development of skills needed to be effective in environmental research.
Prerequisites: ENS 399; Completion or co-completion of a tagged research course; Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit in biology.

ENS 497 • Advanced Research in Environmental Science 1 Credit

Working under the supervision of a faculty mentor, students analyze the results of their original research completed in ENS 496 and write up their findings in a formal scientific paper. Results are presented in class and sometimes outside venues.
Prerequisites: ENS 496 and Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

ENS 499 • Symposium 0 Credit

The presentation of scientific research or internship experience. Culminates in a departmental symposium in which students present their original research or internship experience.
Prerequisites: ENS 481 or ENS 497. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross credit in biology.

FINA 200 • Financial Management 4 Credits

Uses financial statements to inform managerial and investor decisions. Applies the time value of money to value expected cash flows. Explains financing sources and costs, measures financial risk and returns, and employs capital budgeting techniques. Integrates a Christian or personal worldview into financial management.

FINA 294 • Topics in Finance 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Finance theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

FINA 379PT • Portfolio in Finance 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Finance.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

FINA 481 • Academic Internship in Finance 2-4 Credits

A learning/practicing experience in a government, social organization or agency, church, or business environment where the student applies a body of knowledge and skills in a structured, non-classroom setting.
Prerequisites: FINA 200.

GC 104 • Orientation to Study Abroad 0 Credit

An orientation to a specific Bethel-led study-abroad course that helps orient students to important skills and intercultural knowledge related to the places visited in the particular course for which they have applied. Successful completion of this course is required before full acceptance into the study-abroad course is granted. Prerequisites: Consent of the instructor. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GC 205UZ • Early Christian in Roman Emp 4 Credits

GC 520 • Mission and Evangelism 4 Credits

Communicates the gospel of Jesus Christ to address physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual needs. Evaluates non-Christian worldviews and plans gospel engagement. Develops missional strategies sensitive to religious, cultural, gender, racial, ethnic, disability, and economic differences. Explores ways Christians love others and steward creation through helping professions and business.

GC 618YL • The Kingdom of God and Cultural Intelligence (Young Life Staff Training) 1.5,3 Credits

Addresses cultural self-awareness and cross-cultural competence for building healthy relationships within diverse communities. Drawing upon biblical, anthropological, sociological and cross-cultural communication theories, students gain basic tools for researching and interacting among a variety of cultural, ethnic, and religious groups.

GC 670 • Directed Study in Global and Contextual Ministries 1-9 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with program faculty .
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.

GC 699PT • Portfolio in Global and Contextual Studies 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Global and Contextual Studies.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

GC 772 • Seminar in Global and Contextual Studies 2 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Global and Contextual Studies theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

GC 774 • Seminar in Global and Contextual Studies 4 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Global and Contextual Studies theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

GC 795A • Thesis Proposal 2 Credits

Development of a thesis proposal and prospectus. Survey of existing research and delineation of tentative argument and preliminary bibliography. To be developed in consultation and under supervision of a faculty member as thesis advisor.
Grade exceptions: This course is graded Pass/Fail. Special Notes: Approval of faculty member in relevant discipline is required.

GC 795B • Thesis Writing 4 Credits

Implementation of research plan, under the supervision of thesis advisor and with input from a second reader. To include survey of existing research and thesis that is well argued and supported by the literature.
Prerequisites: GC 795A.

GC 899PT • Portfolio in Global and Contextual Studies 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Global and Contextual Studies.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

GEO 120 • Introduction to Geography 4 Credits

Physical environment including weather, world climates, landforms, and natural vegetation. Humankind's response to geographical variations in terms of the use of land and sea, natural resources, population, economic activity, and political and social organization.
Offered: Fall.

GEO 320K • History and the Human Environment 4 Credits

Environmental and geographical background of human history. Agriculture, climate, energy resources, transportation, and diseases, especially as they have influenced the historical development of Western Europe and North America. Implications for current and future environmental concerns.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in history.

GES 101 • Pre-Intercultural Engagement Preparation 0.5 Credits

Prepares students to participate in a non-credit cross-cultural experience to fulfill the General Education Z-tag requirement. Includes introducing a method for reflecting on and analyzing an intercultural experience, assistance in creating a proposal for the Z-tag experience, and an opportunity to develop mid-experience exercises and activities for GES 102Z.
Offered: Fall, Spring, Occasionally summer. Special Notes: Completion of GES 101 does not complete the Z-tag requirement, but is a prerequisite for GES 102Z. GES 101 must be taken before participating in the cross-cultural experience. This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GES 102Z • Post-Intercultural Engagement Processing 0.5 Credits

Guided post-processing experience necessary for students to benefit fully from an independent cross-cultural experience to complete the General Education Z-tag requirement. Evaluates the method of reflection and analysis used during the intercultural experience, the implementation of the non-credit proposal approved in GES 101, and the mid-experience exercises and activities.
Prerequisites: GES 101; Must be taken the semester following the completion of the independent cross-cultural experience. Offered: Fall, Spring, Occasionally summer. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GES 103 • Writing Studio for Multilingual Students 1 Credit

Focuses on knowledge and skills necessary for successful college-level academic research and writing in the U.S. Students apply reading and writing strategies to other course writing assignments. Instruction tailored to provide linguistic support for students who speak more than one language.
Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GES 104 • Orientation to Study Abroad 0.5 Credits

An orientation to a specific Bethel-led study-abroad course that helps orient students to important skills and intercultural knowledge related to the places visited in the particular course for which they have applied. Successful completion of this course is required before full acceptance into the study-abroad course is granted.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GES 107 • How Learning Works: Keys to College Success 4 Credits

Equips students with essential study strategies to enhance cognitive skills. Through critical thinking and analysis of texts, students will use writing as a tool for reflection and personal growth, developing techniques to improve comprehension, communication, and academic success.
Offered: Fall.

GES 109 • Orientation to College Studies 4 Credits

Students understand and improve their approach to learning to enhance success in college. Strategies developed are directly applied to learning in the Christianity and Western Culture course as well as other courses taken during Fall term.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in GES 130 is required. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course is required for provisionally admitted students.

GES 112 • College Composition 4 Credits

Development of skills necessary for expressing oneself competently through writing. Emphasizes the writing process, critical thinking, sensitivity to audience, core documentation skills and responsibilities, and revision (with peer and instructor feedback).
Offered: Fall, Spring.

GES 125 • Introduction to the Creative Arts 4 Credits

Highlights the crucial experience of the creative arts; develops literacy in artistic language. Art forms may include dance, film, literature, music, theater, and visual arts. Stylistic, social, and historical contexts examined in light of various themes. Critical interaction and reflection from a variety of perspectives. Requires attendance at off-campus events.
Offered: Fall, January, Spring.

GES 130 • Christianity & Western Culture 4 Credits

Movements that influenced Europe and North America up through the Enlightenment. Explores with insight and empathy the writings and lives that influenced the course of world societies. Evaluates the diverse ways in which Christians have interacted with Western culture by shaping, absorbing, and criticizing the culture of the West.
Offered: Fall, January, Spring.

GES 140 • Introduction to Wellbeing 2 Credits

Explores many of the dimensions that influence wellbeing, including Spiritual, Cognitive, Emotional, Physical, Relational, and Meaning. Examines the dynamic interconnection between the dimensions. Students integrate foundational knowledge, experiences, and strategies to become successful whole and holy individuals not only in college but also throughout adult life.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

GES 141 • Physiology of Wellness 4 Credits

Synthesizes current evidence-based knowledge empowering healthy decisions around nutrition, fitness, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Identification of patterns of stress reduction through spiritual and physical health. Explanation of biological processes in the body. Analyzes the influence of culture, media, technology, and other factors on health.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

GES 144 • Beginning Tennis 1 Credit

Basic tennis strokes. Includes instruction, drills, practice, and playing time. Covers rules, simple strategy, player position, etiquette, and guidelines for equipment selection.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

GES 145 • Humanities I: Greco-Roman through Middle Ages 4 Credits

The first course in the Humanities Program focuses on great writings and works of art, music, and theatre from the Greeks through the Middle Ages. Likely figures for study include Homer, Thucydides, Plato, Virgil, Augustine, Anselm, and Dante.
Offered: Fall. Special Notes: Completing GES 145 and GES 147 replaces GES 125.

GES 147 • Humanities II: Renaissance and Reformation 4 Credits

The second course in the Humanities Program considers significant figures, movements, and texts in the Renaissance and the Reformation era. Likely figures for study include Luther, Calvin, Erasmus, Renaissance and Baroque artists, Machiavelli, Petrarch, and Shakespeare.
Prerequisites: GES 145. Offered: January. Special Notes: Completing GES 145 and GES 147 replaces GES 125.

GES 149 • Humanities III: Enlightenment to Modernity 4 Credits

Final course in the Humanities Program. Begins with great texts of the European Enlightenment and goes into modernity in the post-World War II era. Likely figures and themes include Voltaire, Rousseau, Burke, Paine, Mary Shelley, Frederick Douglass, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, jazz, modern art, Nella Larsen, and Martin Luther King Jr.
Prerequisites: GES 147. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: Completing GES 149 replaces GES 130 and GES 160.

GES 150 • Introduction to Art Appreciation 4 Credits

Cultivation of critical reading and writing skills through examination of artistic “texts” from a variety of genres: literature, drama, cinema, music, or the visual arts. Discerns the rich dimensions of the texts--technique, genre, social-historical context—and reflects on their spiritual significance.
Offered: Occasionally.

GES 152 • Yoga 1 Credit

Development of physical fitness and self-awareness through core stabilizing and strengthening exercises as an integral part of health and wellness. Emphasis on the integration of Christian faith and exercise while learning correct postures, alignments, and focus.
Offered: January. Special Notes: Students must provide their own exercise/yoga mat.

GES 160 • Inquiry Writing Seminar 4 Credits

While exploring a topic of interest, students learn college-level skills in research, writing, and presentation. Collect, summarize, and evaluate sources. Formulate, develop, and support a thesis; document; plan, draft, edit. Consideration of rhetorical situation (purpose, audience, message). Develop, organize, and deliver oral presentations. Formative feedback from peers and instructor.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

GES 181 • Disc Golf 1 Credit

An introduction to the game of disc golf. Includes history, equipment, etiquette, rules, technique, scoring, and playing of the sport.
Offered: Fall.

GES 182 • Slow Pitch Softball 1 Credit

Fundamental skills of slow-pitch softball for the recreational player.
Offered: Spring.

GES 183 • Walk, Jog, Run 1 Credit

Basic introduction to running for health. Students learn to monitor heart rates as they process from a walking/jogging base to runs of up to an hour in length. Proper warmup and recovery are stressed. Students begin with workouts appropriate to their fitness levels and set goals appropriate for those levels.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

GES 184 • Pickleball 1 Credit

Fast paced net game with similarities to tennis, badminton, table tennis, and racquetball; content includes rules, strategies, techniques, and court positioning for singles and doubles, and extensive active practice and play.
Offered: Spring.

GES 203 • Writing Studio for Multilingual Students 1 Credit

Focus on knowledge and skills necessary for successful college-level academic research and writing in the U.S. Students apply reading and writing strategies to other course writing assignments. Instruction tailored to provide linguistic support for students who speak more than one language.
Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GES 205UZ • Early Christianity in the Roman Empire 4 Credits

In-person exploration of ancient archeological sites in Italy including Pompeii, Herculaneum, and traditional locations significant for early Christianity in the Roman Empire around modern Rome and Naples for the purposes of informing our interpretations of the New Testament and especially Paul’s letter to the Romans.
Prerequisites: GES 104 and GES 130 or GES 149. Offered: January.

GES 283 • Study Abroad - Au Sable 1-18 Credits

GES 302K • Lethal Microbes 4 Credits

Despite amazing scientific and technical successes in medicine in the last century, diseases like AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria confront us today with both national and global healthcare crises. Living with the lethal microbes responsible for these diseases requires careful inquiry about these organisms and their wide impact on human society.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 303K • Genetics, Ethics and the Law 4 Credits

Study of the ethical and legal dilemmas created by recent advances in biotechnology. Focus on the question of what direction the law should take, specifically patent, family, and criminal law. Explores the struggle between the Christian worldview, rapid changes in science, and society’s resolution of the questions these changes produce.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 305K • Anatomy of a Pandemic 4 Credits

The history, biology, and social and global impact of infectious diseases such as the bubonic plague, influenza, HIV/AIDS, and emerging pathogens. Evaluates technological advances that contribute to the treatment of infectious diseases, vaccine development, and modern epidemiology. Considers social factors related to disease ecology and the availability of medical treatment.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally January.

GES 307K • Natural Resources: Use Them but Don't Lose Them 4 Credits

A consideration of the use and management of natural resources and their impact on society and vice versa. Primary resources considered include forests, agricultural land, and geologic/mineral resources. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies are spotlighted as key management tools.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 309K • Biology of the Mind 4 Credits

Survey of contemporary technologies and studies of brain structure and function and their relation to cognitive abilities and emotion. Introduction to modern technologies of brain mapping such as MRI, PET, and CAT scans. Combines neuroscience, philosophy of self, psychology, linguistics, and sociobiology.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally January.

GES 311K • Forensics: The Science of Crime 4 Credits

An introduction to the roles that biology, chemistry, physics, and psychology play in criminal investigations. Discovery, identification, and comparison of physical evidence using various current techniques. Discussion of the processes and limitations of scientific knowledge.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) Course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally fall, January, spring.

GES 312G • Disability and Society 4 Credits

Exploration of ideologies of disability including medical, moral, rehabilitative, and minority approaches. Identification of the social, economic, religious, and other barriers faced by people with disabilities. International perspectives on disability, as well as the concept of a “disability culture.” .
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Occasionally January.

GES 314K • Stem Cells, Cloning, and Reproductive Technologies 4 Credits

Stem cells, cloning, reproductive technologies, gene therapy, and drug production are all applications of biotechnology. Examines these applications along with their influence and impact on society.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 317KZ • Science and Technology in New Zealand 4 Credits

Exploration of historical development of science and technology in New Zealand, including current challenges. Topics include: inventions and inventors, health care, unique technologies, native and invasive species, sea life, earthquakes, hot springs, and volcanic activity in the context of historical Maori and British colonial cultures leading to the present day.
Prerequisites: GES 104; Laboratory Science (D) course; Mathematics (M) course. Offered: January.

GES 318KZ • Ecology in the Tropics: Natural History and Future Prospects 4 Credits

Travel in Ecuador or Kenya surveying the land, climate, plants, animals, homes, transportation, and industries, noting especially the impact of human presence. Ecuador includes the Amazon rainforest, Andean cloud forests, volcanic mountains, highlands, towns, cities, and the Galapagos Islands. Kenya includes Nairobi, African savanna, the Rift valley, and Masai Mara.
Prerequisites: GES 104; Laboratory Science (D) course; Mathematics (M) course. Offered: January. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in biology and environmental studies.

GES 322K • Cancer: Science and Society 4 Credits

The biology of cancer; the technologies of cancer diagnosis and treatment; and some social, family, and personal impacts of this disease.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 326K • Plants and People 4 Credits

The history, principles, and technology used to domesticate and improve food and beverage crops, lumber, cloth and rope fiber, medicinal, and herbal plants for human use. Emphasizes modern technologies to increase quality, shelf life, transportability, yield, pest resistance, growing season, and soil type tolerances. Includes technologies that raise ethical issues.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 328K • Nutrition: The Total Diet 4 Credits

Investigates the science of interactions between proper nutrition and weight management and examines the appropriate ethical, and perhaps limited, use of technology as a means to reverse obesity. Topics include how hormonal imbalances and genetic alterations may result in failure to regulate appetite and metabolism.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 330KZ • History of Science in Europe 4 Credits

Study of scientists and their discoveries throughout history within the context of an experiential learning opportunity in Europe. Astronomy, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, medicine, and physics are addressed. Evaluation of the effect on society of these disciplines included.
Prerequisites: GES 104; Laboratory Science (D) course; Mathematics (M) course. Offered: January.

GES 338K • Great Controversies in Science and Technology 4 Credits

Overview of great scientific controversies past and present. Topics include: science versus religion, age of the earth, evolution and creation, global warming, and energy issues. Relationships between science and society with particular emphasis on discerning the difference among scientific results, popular consensus, and societal pressures.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally January.

GES 339K • Nano: Small Science, Big Ideas 4 Credits

Investigation of nanotechnology: the science of very small things and their strange, unexpected behavior. Why and how nanotechnology is being applied to solve some of our greatest challenges in energy, medicine, and healthcare. Societal and environmental impacts and ethical concerns from a Christian perspective are explored.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 355 • Advanced Writing Studio for Multilingual Students 1 Credit

Students apply reading and writing strategies to writing lengthy assignments in advanced courses. Students are expected to take the studio in conjunction with a class that requires substantial writing and research. Instruction tailored to provide linguistic support for students who speak more than one language.
Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GES 390K • Decision-Making and Medical Technology 4 Credits

Health technologies that may be both harmful and beneficial to human health are explored from the perspectives of ethical decision making, psychosocial dynamics, faith, and health policy formation. Topics include: genetic testing, contraceptives, intensive treatment of newborns, assisted reproduction organ transplantation, enhancement technologies, aging, and end-of-life decisions.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Fall, Spring.

GES 407P • Women's Lives, Women's Choices 2 Credits

Female experience during adolescence and adulthood, emphasizing female socialization and potential adult roles. Personal experiences, future life choices, and their consequences in light of the course content and Christian faith.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 409P • Christian Leadership in a Secular World 2 Credits

Current issues facing Christian leaders today. The formulation of a personal biblical approach to leadership to enable one to impact society. A variety of personal decisions that are designed to facilitate knowing oneself and understanding one’s own responses in various situations.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 412P • The Plot Thickens: Character Growth in Literature and Life 2 Credits

Discussion of novels and short stories, examining characters and their values, and responses in the face of complex life situations. Insights of narrative theologians used to think about building character as individuals and the role of the community in this process.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 413P • Women's Spiritual Experience 2 Credits

Exploration of diverse women’s spiritual experiences by reading spiritual autobiographies, biblical feminist writings, and research on gender and religion. Discussion of how gender influences religious institutions and Christian women’s faith. Students write their spiritual autobiography.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 414P • Theology of J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis 2 Credits

An exploration of the theological issues raised by J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis. Theological themes such as the nature of good and evil and salvation.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: January.

GES 420P • Bioethics 2 Credits

How technological advances have increased our abilities to conceive, sustain, and alter human lives. How to make morally responsible decisions that shape a just society. Moral issues such as healthcare practices, reproductive methods, allocation of healthcare resources, and biomedical research.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Fall, Occasionally January, Spring.

GES 425P • Censorship and Freedom of Expression 2 Credits

Censorship from the perspective of various disciplines, such as psychology, theology, literature, history, and art. Key issues and formulation of student’s own positions.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 426P • Family Interaction 2 Credits

An integration of a Christian worldview related to the contemporary family unit; styles of parenting, issues of grief, power, stress, intimacy, and wholeness. The family system in light of contemporary trends and Christian choices. Communication patterns are examined and evaluated.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Fall, Spring.

GES 433P • Biblical Spirituality: Experiencing God 2 Credits

A study of spirituality in a variety of biblical texts, both Old and New Testament. Essential issues related to spirituality, including: What is spirituality? What are biblical teachings regarding prayer, worship, and spiritual disciplines? How do we interpret biblical texts as paradigms for the contemporary practice of spirituality? .
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 444P • Christians and Conflict 2 Credits

Examines how we are called as Christians to respond to interpersonal conflicts that continually exist in our lives. Emphasizes many different types of interpersonal conflicts, including conflicts in friendships, marriages, parent/child relationships, workplaces, and churches. Analyzes conflict as it is currently portrayed in the media.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 448P • Abusive Relationships and Christian Responsibility 2 Credits

Explores different types of intimate violence using research from communication, psychology, and sociology. Examines the history of domestic violence, the prevalence of intimate violence, cycles of violence, and secular and Christian responses. Evaluates choices informed by Christian values, education, and personal experience. Develops personal strategies for responding to intimate violence.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally fall, January, spring.

GES 449P • Chance or Design: Our Place in the Cosmos 2 Credits

Exploration of recent advances in Big Bang cosmology and planetary science with an emphasis on apparent fine-tuning to conditions suitable for human life. Discussion of the possibility of extraterrestrial life. Analysis of design arguments, with the goal of developing a biblically sound view of our relationship to nature and God.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 451P • Spirituality, Sexuality, and the Family 2 Credits

Three powerful forces in everyday life that vitally affect people both personally and collectively. Both past and contemporary influences and experiences that are likely to impact people as they seek to make their personal sexuality, spirituality, and family relationships consistent with Christian values.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 452P • Sports in Society 2 Credits

Study of sports as a social phenomenon. Presentation of some of the basic elements involved in the interaction of the active human being. Includes sports and culture, sports in education, social stratification, race, and group dynamics.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Fall, January, Spring.

GES 453P • Ethics and Faith in the Workplace 2 Credits

Practical application of what it takes to function as a Christian in today’s workplace. Emphasis on the transition from college to a professional environment, focusing on personal maturity, workplace ethics, and lifelong Christian growth and service.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally fall, January, Spring.

GES 455P • Covenant Relationships: Marriage, Friendship, and Beyond 2 Credits

An exploration of the relational dynamics of marriage, friendship, and Christian community within the context of the biblical concept of covenant relationship. Competing values within contemporary Western culture (e.g., individualism, hedonism) are explored and critiqued in light of the values associated with covenant community.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Fall, Occasionally January, Spring.

GES 457 • Advanced Writing Studio for Multilingual Learners 1 Credit

Students apply reading and writing strategies to writing lengthy assignments in advanced courses. Students are expected to take the studio in conjunction with a class that requires substantial writing and research. Instruction tailored to English Language Learners (international or immigrant students from non-English speaking backgrounds).
Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GES 463P • Masculinity Past and Present 2 Credits

Study of how men have understood their identities as men in different historical contexts, including the present. While strength, individuality, and aggression may seem paramount, many societies have emphasized moral ideas like piety, cooperation, and self-control. Encourages critical evaluation of how gender helps construct personal identity.
Prerequisites: Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Occasionally.

GES 477 • Career Skills Internship 0 Credit

Students complete an internship related to their career goals while taking this course to build professional skills, explore career development, and integarate faith into their work. Requirements include at least 45 work hours, a resume review, career coach meeting, reflective assignments, evaluations, and supervisor feedback.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GRK 101 • Introductory Biblical Greek I 4 Credits

Study of New Testament Greek for beginning students. Use of the New Testament to build a basic vocabulary and understanding of the elements of grammar and syntax.
Offered: Fall.

GRK 102S • Introductory Biblical Greek II 4 Credits

Continuation of the study of New Testament Greek for beginning students. Use of the New Testament to build a basic vocabulary and understanding of the elements of grammar and syntax.
Prerequisites: GRK 101. Offered: Spring.

GRK 103 • Introduction to Biblical Greek 1A for Spanish Speakers 2 Credits

Provides Spanish-speaking students (or non-native speakers or Spanish majors who have gained proficiency in the language) with a basic introduction to New Testament (Koine) Greek. Focus on vocabulary building, comprehension of basic grammatical concepts and practice in translating passages from the Greek New Testament.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. Offered: Occasionally.

GRK 104 • Introduction to Biblical Greek 1B for Spanish Speakers 2 Credits

Provides Spanish-speaking students (or non-native speakers or Spanish majors who have gained proficiency in the language) with a basic introduction to New Testament (Koine) Greek. Focus on vocabulary building, comprehension of basic grammatical concepts and practice in translating passages from the Greek New Testament.
Prerequisites: GRK 103 or Consent of instructor. Offered: Occasionally.

GRK 105 • Introduction to Biblical Greek IIA for Spanish Speakers 2 Credits

Second half of a two-part introduction to New Testament (Koine) Greek. Greek II focuses on vocabulary building, comprehension of basic grammatical concepts, and practice in translating passages from the Greek New Testament, with special focus on the latter.
Prerequisites: GRK 104 or Consent of instructor. Offered: Occasionally.

GRK 106 • Introduction to Biblical Greek IIB for Spanish Speakers 2 Credits

Second half of a two-part introduction to New Testament (Koine) Greek. Greek II focuses on vocabulary building, comprehension of basic grammatical concepts, and practice in translating passages from the Greek New Testament, with special focus on the latter.
Prerequisites: GRK 105 or Consent of instructor. Offered: Occasionally.

GS 001 • Graduate Research Seminar: Masters Level 0 Credit

A requirement for all students in a master's degree program. Teaches students to design their research methodologies to most effectively complete course assignments. Students learn to efficiently use library tools and services, which saves time and effort when completing assignments. Focus on evaluating, citing, and using source material properly.
Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GS 006 • Graduate Research Seminar: MFT Degree 0 Credit

A requirement for all students in the MFT degree program. Teaches students to design their research methodologies to most effectively complete course assignments. Students learn to efficiently use library tools and services, which saves time and effort when completing assignments. Focus on evaluating, citing, and using source material properly.

GS 007 • Graduate Research Seminar: Doctoral Level 0 Credit

A requirement for all students in a degree program. Teaches students to design their research methodologies to most effectively complete course assignments. Students learn to efficiently use library tools and services, which saves time and effort when completing assignments. Focus on evaluating, citing, and using source material properly.
Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

GS 670 • Directed Study in General Studies 1-3 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with the professor.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.

GS 699PT • Portfolio in General or Interdisciplinary Studies 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of General or Interdisciplinary Studies.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

GS 772 • Seminar in General Studies 2 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular General Studies theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

GS 774 • Seminar in General Studies 4 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular General Studies theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

GS 780 • Senior Integrative Seminar 4 Credits

Integrates theology, leadership, formation, intercultural awareness, and worldview analysis into personal, professional, and interdisciplinary practice. Explores and analyzes diverse case dilemmas, contextualizing scripture respectfully. Demonstrates critical thinking, intercultural competence, and integration within professional dialogue. Designed for students in their final year.
Special Notes: This course must be taken in the student’s final year.

GS 801 • Integral Research and Writing 4 Credits

Introduces research methodologies for literature reviews and biblical research to develop thesis-level writing skills. Improves research, source evaluation, and writing proficiency. Explores doctoral-level research writing practices and familiarizes students with the style guide that governs the final research project report.
Special Notes: This should be the very first course that D.Min. students take.

GS 897 • Dissertation Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment; required when the thesis course is incomplete. The extension allows students continued access to university resources. Student must be registered in an extension course at the time the dissertation is granted final approval and receives a grade.
Special Notes: This course carries a fee.

GS 899PT • Portfolio in General or Interdisciplinary Studies 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of General of Interdisciplinary Studies.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

GS 901 • Thesis Proposal Foundations 2 Credits

Orientation to the nature of research proposals and the purpose of doctoral research. Identification of research topic, a problem and response statement, exploration of relevant literature and development of a preliminary bibliography.
Special Notes: Thesis Proposal Foundations (GS 901) and Thesis Proposal Workshop (GS 902) are a combined course unit to be taken sequentially in subsequent terms. Students cannot take this course until all other required and concentration courses are completed. .

GS 902 • Thesis Proposal Workshop 4 Credits

Develop and draft a thesis proposal based upon work done in GS 901. Students engage in a process of modifying, expanding, and refining a thesis proposal, as well as developing a strategy for proposal implementation and writing of their thesis.
Prerequisites: GS 901. Special Notes: Thesis Proposal Foundations (GS 901) and Thesis Proposal Workshop (GS 902) are a combined course unit to be taken sequentially in subsequent terms.

GS 991 • Thesis Project A 4 Credits

Completion and defense of an approved thesis proposal, involving thesis writing, and engagement with their Thesis Advisor, keeping in line with the requirements and deadlines listed in the D.Min. Manual for finishing the thesis during GS 993.
Prerequisites: GS 901, GS 902. Special Notes: This course is required and is Pass/ Fail grading.

GS 992 • Thesis Project B 4 Credits

Continuation of working toward completion and defense of an approved thesis, involving thesis writing, and engagement with their Thesis Advisor, keeping in line with the requirements and deadlines listed in the D.Min. Manual for finishing the thesis during GS 993.
Prerequisites: GS 991. Special Notes: This course is required and is Pass/Fail.

GS 993 • Thesis Project C 2 Credits

Completion and defense of an approved thesis proposal, involving thesis writing, and engagement with Thesis Advisor, keeping in line with the requirements and deadlines listed in the D.Min. Manual for finishing the thesis.
Prerequisites: GS 991, GS 992. Special Notes: This course is taken in the spring semester of the year student's plan to graduate. This course is required and is graded by the Thesis Advisor based on the entire thesis and the oral defense. Students not meeting the guidelines will be put in extension status and required to meet graduation deadlines again the following year.

HCAM 579PT • Portfolio in Healthcare Administration 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Health Administration.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

HCAM 600 • Healthcare Policy and Economics 3 Credits

Examination of healthcare policies from an economic perspective. Exploration of foundational economic theories and their relationships to the structure and function of the US healthcare system. Analysis of the determinants to health, the social distribution of health and disease, health disparities, quality, cost and accessibility of healthcare services.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

HCAM 605 • Health Informatics and Application 3 Credits

Analysis of the role of information systems and technology within a healthcare organization. Appraisal of business and technical issues associated with the selection, deployment, and use of health informatics. Evaluation of analytic methods to design, implement, and evaluate best-practice models for patient care and care delivery.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

HCAM 610 • Legal Aspects in Healthcare 3 Credits

Analysis of the more significant legal issues encountered by healthcare administrators and the ramifications of those issues. Exploration of the legal, policy and ethical issues encountered by healthcare professionals in the continuously evolving healthcare system. Assessment of ethical concepts in the resolution of health care ethical dilemmas.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

HCAM 615 • Finance for Healthcare Administrators 3 Credits

Assessment of planning and financial decision making of healthcare organizations. Financial evaluation both as a proactive exercise and a tool for organizational control. Exploration of issues of budgeting, cost determination, pricing and rate setting in a healthcare environment. Integration of academic and practical approaches and perspectives regarding healthcare financial problems.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

HCAM 694 • Topics in Healthcare Administration 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Healthcare Administration theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

HCE 481 • Healthcare Related Internship 0 Credit

A learning internship experience of 135 hours. Apply understanding and skills in an off-campus, professional healthcare setting. Internship can be included in a student's major (students register for both the departmental and the healthcare endorsement internship) or students can choose to enroll only in the healthcare endorsement internship.
Prerequisites: A declared healthcare endorsement. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

HCE 491 • Culminating Project 0 Credit

A culminating project that demonstrates both knowledge developed through completing a major and experience gained through the healthcare endorsement. The culminating project may incorporate elements of the endorsement in a project for the major or it may be a separate project created exclusively for the endorsement.
Prerequisites: A declared healthcare endorsement. Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.

HEB 101 • Introductory Biblical Hebrew I 4 Credits

Study of Old Testament Hebrew. Designed for the beginning student. The Old Testament is used to build a basic vocabulary and understanding of the language’s phonology, morphology, basic syntax, and semantics.
Offered: Occasionally.

HEB 102S • Introductory Biblical Hebrew II 4 Credits

Further study of Old Testament Hebrew. Designed for the beginning student. The Old Testament is used to build a basic vocabulary and understanding of the language’s phonology, morphology, basic syntax, and semantics.
Prerequisites: HEB 101. Offered: Occasionally.

HEPE 210 • Group Fitness 1 Credit

Development of cardiovascular fitness through aerobic rhythms and exercise. Workout includes varied aerobic conditioning, minimal strength training, and stretching.

HEPE 260 • Physiology of Wellness 4 Credits

Synthesis of current evidence-based knowledge empowering healthy decisions around nutrition, fitness, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Identification of patterns of stress reduction through spiritual and physical health. Explanation of physiological processes in the body. Analysis of the influence of culture, media, technology, and other factors on health.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 3.

HEPE 294 • Topics in Health 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Health theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

HEPE 379PT • Portfolio in Health 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Health.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

HIS 100 • Introduction to United States History Survey 4 Credits

An introductory survey of the social, political, economic, cultural, and intellectual history of the United States from the pre-Columbian era to the present.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

HIS 110 • Introduction to World History Survey 4 Credits

An introductory survey of the history of the world from 1200 CE to the present, focused on trends that transcend national and cultural boundaries. Investigates how cultures have interacted, influenced one another, and developed, whether through trade, conflict, and other exchanges, or in isolation from the wider world.

HIS 200L • History of the United States 4 Credits

Exploration of United States history from early Native American communities to the present. Particular attention paid to primary sources that allow for an examination of the interaction of social, cultural, economic, political, and religious movements.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Fall.

HIS 204U • History of Africa 4 Credits

The peoples and cultures of Africa. African social structures, religions, government, warfare, technology, and the arts. Traditional African societies, the impact of Western colonialism, the rise of nationalism, and contemporary issues.
Prerequisites: GES 130 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Fall.

HIS 205U • History of China, Japan, and Korea 4 Credits

History and cultures of East Asia. Religion; economic development and trade; and family, social, and political organization. Primary focus on China, Korea, and Japan.
Prerequisites: GES 130 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Fall, Spring.

HIS 212U • History of Islam 4 Credits

Islam from its inception and development to Islam as it is practiced today. Students interact with members of the Islamic community in Minnesota in an attempt to understand Islam from the personal experiences of Muslims. Contemporary issues and controversies are examined through the lens of the Muslim experience throughout history.
Prerequisites: GES 130 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Occasionally. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in religious studies.

HIS 216L • American Constitutional History 4 Credits

Examination of the origins and development of American constitutional ideas and institutions from the colonial period to the present. Particular attention paid to the historical connections between major constitutional cases and broader social, political, economic, and cultural trends.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in political science.

HIS 223L • History of the American West 4 Credits

Examines the history of the American West from 1492 to the present. Particular attention to the interaction and competition of different cultures; the construction of political, economic, and religious institutions; and the physical environment, its representations, and its symbolic importance in the broader context of American history.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: January, odd # years.

HIS 230L • World War I 4 Credits

An in-depth look at the shock that engulfed the Western world with World War I from the turn of the 20th century, through the initial welcome of "cleansing" annihilation in 1914, to bleak 20th century disillusionment. World War I songs, literature, and artwork carefully examined as artifacts of this period.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Summer.

HIS 231L • World War II 4 Credits

The causes, course, conclusion, and legacy of World War II, particularly as experienced by the people of China, France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Russia, and the United States. Topics include collaboration and resistance, genocide, the war in film, remembrance and forgetting, and the social and economic impacts of the war.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: January, even # years.

HIS 236UZ • Medieval Worlds: Cultures and Beliefs in North Africa and Europe 4 Credits

On-site investigation of intercultural relations in medieval and modern Europe and North Africa, and how the many different kinds of historical identity, whether Christian, Muslim, or Jew, still reverberate today. Studies the complex history of the region and promotes principles of effective modern pluralism through cross-cultural interaction.
Prerequisites: GES 104; GES 130 or GES 149. Offered: January, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit with philosophy.

HIS 241L • Revolution and Political Development 4 Credits

Theory and process of modernization, with special emphasis on the Anglo-American historical experience; examination of U.S. efforts to promote democracy internationally in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East since World War II.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Occasionally January. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in political science.

HIS 252L • History and Politics of Sports 4 Credits

The history of sports in the modern era, with particular attention paid to sports' connections to international politics and public policy and to sports as a mirror for the history of race, gender, education, business, labor, and religion in the United States.
Prerequisites: GES 130 and GES 160 (may be taken concurrently) or GES 149 (may be taken concurrently). Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in political science.

HIS 290 • Introduction to History 2 Credits

An introduction to the methodology and philosophy of history, with particular emphases on preparing students for historical research and writing, on the public uses of history, and on the discipline as a Christian vocation.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

HIS 302 • History of Sexuality in the United States 4 Credits

An examination of the history of sexuality from the colonial period to the present. Particular attention to the impact of religion, culture, government, science, and economics on the formation of sexual mores and identities, and the relationship between sexuality and gender, race, ethnicity, age, and class.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Spring, even # years.

HIS 305G • The Cold War 4 Credits

The Cold War as an event in international history, studied from the perspective of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Europe, and the Third World. Introduction to ongoing historical debates and to the sources historians use in those debates.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Fall, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in political science.

HIS 310 • History of Ancient Greece 4 Credits

Study of Greece from Homer and the Bronze Age through the development of citizenship in the Classical period to the empire of Alexander and the Hellenistic world. Focus on democratic Athens, conflicts with Persia and Sparta, and cultural achievements in art, literature, philosophy, and theater.
Prerequisites: GES 130 or GES 145; Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, even # years.

HIS 311 • History of Ancient Rome 4 Credits

Roman history from their origins through their achievement of a world empire to their fall and medieval transition. Topics studied include politics, government, art, philosophy, gender, and religion as well as the emergence and growth of the Christian church.
Prerequisites: GES 130 or GES 145; Sophomore standing. Offered: Spring.

HIS 312 • Medieval Europe 4 Credits

Historical developments in Western Europe from the reign of Constantine to the era of Petrarch (A.D. 325-1350). Broad cultural, economic, political, social, and religious patterns, with emphasis on the development of the church in its social context.
Prerequisites: GES 130 or GES 145; Sophomore standing. Offered: Occasionally.

HIS 320K • History and the Human Environment 4 Credits

Environmental and geographical background of human history. Agriculture, climate, energy resources, transportation, and diseases, especially as they have influenced the historical development of Western Europe and North America. Implications for current and future environmental concerns.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in geography.

HIS 324G • Human Rights in International History 4 Credits

International and comparative exploration of how human rights have been defined, violated, and protected. Historical topics (e.g., abolition of the slave trade, social reform and Christian missions, genocides of the 20th century) as well as contemporary issues.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Occasionally. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in political science.

HIS 328G • Muslim Women in History 4 Credits

Global survey of the lives of Muslim women from the 7th century to the present. Examination of how Muslim women’s lives have historically been shaped by their social context, with particular attention to religious interpretation and expression, culture, ethnicity, and geographic location.
Prerequisites: [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Occasionally. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in religious studies.

HIS 329 • African Politics 4 Credits

Consideration of political development in Africa from the pre-colonial era through the present, focusing on changes in political regimes through time, the nature of economic struggles, and sources of violent conflict.
Offered: Spring, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in political science.

HIS 333 • Crime and Punishment in the United States 4 Credits

An examination of the historical study of crime in the United States. Particular attention to historical patterns of violence, the role and organization of the police, and the evolution of punishment in theory and practice as well as the differences in crime and punishment by race, gender, and age.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

HIS 345 • Modern Political Thought 4 Credits

In-depth examination of selected poilitical thinkers such as Locke, Rousseau, Mill, Nietzsche, Kuyper, Rawls, and Taylor. Concentrates on primary sources.
Prerequisites: One course in political science, philosophy, or history and Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, even # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in political science and philosophy.

HIS 354 • Modern Europe 4 Credits

The social, political, diplomatic, intellectual, and religious history of Europe since 1750. Key themes include political reforms and revolutions, gender roles, industrialization, migration, nationalism, imperialism, total war, totalitarianism, genocide, decolonization, and secularization.
Prerequisites: GES 130 or GES 149; Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

HIS 356 • Modern Middle East 4 Credits

Political, social, religious, economic, and cultural history of the Middle East since 1800. Particular attention is paid to colonialism, globalization, war, gender roles, revolution, and reform. Discussion of controversies such as the Arab/Israeli conflict, the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, and the U.S. war on terror.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in political science.

HIS 360 • Classical Political Thought 4 Credits

In-depth examination of selected political thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Marcus Aurelius, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Machiavelli, and Hobbes. Concentrates on primary sources.
Prerequisites: One course in political science, philosophy, or history and Sophomore standing. Offered: Fall, odd # years. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit in philosophy and political science.

HIS 400 • Research in History 4 Credits

An opportunity to work with a member of the history faculty on a major research project.
Prerequisites: Major in history; Coursework appropriate to the area of research; Invitation of supervising faculty member; Consent of department. Offered: Occasionally. Special Notes: No student may take more than eight credits in HIS 400 and/or directed study.

HIS 481 • Internship in History 1-4 Credits

A practical experience in applying academic skills in an off-campus setting under the dual supervision of a history faculty member and a practicing historian or related professional. Designed by student in consultation with history department faculty.
Prerequisites: Major in history. Offered: Occasionally.

HIS 491 • Applied Humanities Seminar 4 Credits

An interdisciplinary, experiential capstone course in which students draw on their studies in history, philosophy, political science, or the digital humanities in order to study a major challenge in contemporary society, analyzing causes, effects, and exisiting responses; and then work to propose new responses to it.
Prerequisites: Senior standing and Major in one of the following programs: business and political science, history, international relations, applied philosophy, political science, or social studies education 5-12. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit with philosophy and political science.

HIST 250 • History of the United States 4 Credits

Examines selected U.S. historical events using primary and secondary sources. Develops connections between events and larger social, economic, and political trends. Recognizes multiple perspectives and their influence on current and future developments. Considers personal faith while exploring the significance of historical events.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 5.

HIST 294 • Topics in History 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular History theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

HIST 379PT • Portfolio in History 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of History.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

HON 001 • Scholarship Project 0 Credit

A research project done in collaboration with the Honors Program and an additional course of the student's choosing.
Prerequisites: HON 160; Acceptance into the Pietas Honors Program. Corequisites: Concurrent registration in a course that corresponds to honors research project. Offered: Fall, January, Spring. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

HON 002 • Stewardship Project 0 Credit

A significant leadership or service position done in collaboration with the Honors Program.
Prerequisites: HON 160 and Acceptance into the Pietas Honors Program. Offered: Fall, January, Spring. Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

HON 160 • Pietas Seminar I 4 Credits

Introduces the value of a liberal arts education in the Christian tradition and key facets of the Pietas Program. While exploring a specific topic of interest, the seminar promotes the establishment of community among students and faculty. Instruction and practice in writing, as well as preparing and delivering oral presentations.
Prerequisites: Admission to the Pietas Honors Program. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course fulfills the Inquiry Writing Seminar (GES 160) General Education requirement.

HON 300G • Pietas Seminar II 4 Credits

Analysis and evaluation of community in varying contexts. Investigation of different models of community through reflection, experiential learning, film, fiction, and non-fiction.
Prerequisites: HON 160; Admission to the Pietas Honors Program; [GES 130; GES 160 or GES 149]; Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or World Cultures (U) course. Offered: Spring.

HON 305K • Pietas Seminar III 4 Credits

Contemporary and historical topics illustrate societal and cultural interactions with concurrent developments in science and technology. Examples of personal and corporate decision-making processes are stressed, thereby working toward a goal of preparation and motivation for responsible citizenship.
Prerequisites: Laboratory Science (D) course and Mathematics (M) course; Admission to the Pietas Honors Program. Offered: Fall.

HON 464P • Pietas Seminar IV 2 Credits

Collaboratively research, discuss, evaluate, and address an interdisciplinary issue of contemporary civic importance. Synthesize work completed in other Honors courses and projects as well as reflect on the role of faith in the life of Christian scholarship.
Prerequisites: HON 160; HON 300G; HON 305K; Senior standing; [GES 149 or GES 160]; THE 201; [Contemporary Western Life and Thought (L) course or Comparative Systems (G) course] or World Cultures (U) course]. Offered: Spring.

HS 510 • Church History 4 Credits

Introduces major movements, ideas, figures, and events in Christian history from the Church’s beginnings to the present. Explores methodology and bibliographical tools for historical study. Analyzes primary and secondary sources and applies ecclesiastical and doctrinal traditions to contemporary movements, theological thinking, and Christian ministries.

HS 670 • Directed Study in Church History 1-9 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with program faculty.
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.

HS 697 • Thesis Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment ; required when the thesis course is incomplete. The extension allows students continued access to university resources. Student must be registered in an extension course at the time the dissertation is granted final approval and receives a grade.
Special Notes: This course has a $375 fee.

HS 699PT • Portfolio in Historical Studies 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Historical Studies.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

HS 772 • Seminar in Historical Studies 2 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Historical Studies theme.
Special Notes: This course will fulfill D.Min. concentration requirements for CFC or CL concentration students or an elective requirement for other concentrations.

HS 774 • Seminar in Historical Studies 4 Credits

A Master of Divinity or Doctor of Ministry concentration course; an in-depth study of a particular Historical Studies theme.
Special Notes: Fulfills D.Min. elective requirements.

HS 795A • Thesis Proposal 2 Credits

Development of a thesis proposal and prospectus. Survey of existing research and delineation of tentative argument and preliminary bibliography. To be developed in consultation and under supervision of a faculty member as thesis advisor.
Grade exceptions: This course is graded Pass/Fail. Special Notes: Approval of faculty member in relevant discipline is required.

HS 795B • Thesis Writing 4 Credits

Implementation of research plan, under the supervision of thesis advisor and with input from a second reader. To include survey of existing research and thesis that is well argued and supported by the literature.
Prerequisites: HS 795A.

HS 815 • Christian Lives and Traditions as Ministry Resources 4 Credits

Concentration content course to fulfill D.Min. requirement for either Congregation and Family Care or Church Leadership.
Prerequisites: GS 801. Special Notes: This course will fulfill concentration requirements for CFC or CL concentration students or an elective requirement for other concentrations.

HS 817T • Topics in Church History 4 Credits

An in-depth exploration of a particular theme or topic within the specific topic. It examines contemporary issues, scholarly insights, and practical applications relevant to ministry and leadership contexts. Through rigorous examination of primary and secondary sources, students assess the significance of the discipline to the study and practice of ministry and leadership.
Prerequisites: GS 801 and ML 810 (Both may be taken concurrently).

HS 862P • Project in Historical Studies 4 Credits

Concentration project course to fulfill D.Min. requirement.
Prerequisites: HS862.

HS 899PT • Portfolio in Historical Studies 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Historical Studies.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

LEA 101 • Personal Mission and Leadership Development 2 Credits

Development of an understanding of personal mission and a study of the application of that mission to leadership. Emphasis is on identifying personal talents and gifts, and developing leadership goals for future roles.
Offered: Fall, Spring.

LEAD 579PT • Portfolio in Leadership Foundations 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Leadership Foundations.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

LEAD 607 • Engaging Your Potential 0 Credit

Orientation to Bethel University Graduate School, the M.B.A. and M.A. Strategic Leadership programs, and the career coaching process.
Peregrine Assessment Fee: $49 per course, or MBA students may choose to pay all Peregrine Assessment fees up front at a cost of $375.

LEAD 611 • Leadership Theory & Personal Agency 3 Credits

Analysis of leadership theory and research as it applies to individuals and organizations. Evaluation of personal leadership capacities and identification of specific areas of growth in capacity and resilience. Analysis of the relationship between personal faith and leadership service.

LEAD 641 • Organizational Diagnostics and Health 3 Credits

Examination of organizational health and the key systems necessary to build and sustain it. Assessment of one’s leadership characteristics and personal approach to organizational health and change. Use of research, theory, and faith and their roles in organizational effectiveness.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

LEAD 651 • Leadership Formation and Strategic Talent Management 3 Credits

Develops a personal leadership philosophy emphasizing the importance of developing others. Reflects on abilities to coach and be coached. Applies foundational leadership processes, practices, and strategies in talent management. Demonstrates inclusive culture, nondiscriminatory practices, and integrates personal faith while providing recommendations to enhance organizational effectiveness.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

LEAD 661 • Data Analytics for Leaders: Making Ethical Decisions 3 Credits

Exploration of data analytics relevant to the business setting. Analysis of methods to visualize and explain quantitative data. Synthesis of appropriate strategies to make ethical and effective data driven managerial decisions.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 and one of the following: LEAD 611, LEAD 641, or LEAD 651.

LEAD 671 • Strategic Communication for Leaders 3 Credits

Application of the theories of persuasion in communication contexts including public speaking, business writing, and interpersonal responses. Analysis of both ethical and persuasive communication skills during interpersonal interactions. Evaluation of the interactions between technology and communication. Demonstration of public speaking with the use of professional presentation software.
Prerequisites: LEAD 607 or LEAD 611.

LEAD 694 • Topics in Leadership Foundations 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Leadership Foundations theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

LEAD 697 • Thesis Extension 0 Credit

Extension course for continued enrollment following the term in which LEAD 795 was taken, required when the thesis course is incomplete.
Prerequisites: LEAD 795. $375

LEAD 789 • MBA/MASL Dual-degree Portfolio Addendum 0 Credit

Synthesis of key learnings from the two master’s degree programs after having completed LEAD 795 for the first master’s degree.
Prerequisites: LEAD 611, LEAD 641, LEAD 651, LEAD 671. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

LEAD 795 • Integrative Team Capstone 3 Credits

Culmination of leadership courses as students continue in graduate work. Foundation for a collaborative project that synthesizes scholarship and practice around the development of a real-life business/leadership project. Exploration of interconnections within business and connections with other aspects of life.
Prerequisites: LEAD 611, LEAD 641, LEAD 651, LEAD 661. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

MAT 101M • Mathematics for the 21st Century 4 Credits

Mathematical ideas that a liberally educated person should be familiar with in order to function well in a technological society.
Prerequisites: Two years of high school algebra, including logarithms and exponential functions. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: This course carries cross-credit with MATH 180.

MAT 102M • Creative Problem Solving 4 Credits

Learn to use creative thinking and intuition to gain confidence in understanding and solving some intriguing problems in mathematics.
Prerequisites: High school algebra and geometry. Offered: January.

MAT 121M • Precalculus 4 Credits

Mathematics topics required for MAT 124M or further study in the natural sciences. Equations and inequalities; graphs of functions and relations; polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic functions; trigonometric functions, identities, equations, and applications.
Prerequisites: A course in Geometry; Two years of high school algebra. Offered: Spring.

MAT 122 • Calculus 1 Corequisite 2 Credits

Concepts, strategies, and skills necessary to succeed in MAT 124M.
Prerequisites: Placement at MAT 122 or higher on the Math and Computer Science department placement exam; MAT 121M or equivalent high school or college course(s). Offered: Fall. Special Notes: Designed to give increased support to students concurrently taking MAT 124M. For Placement Exam information see: https://www.bethel.edu/advising-center/placement-exams/math/

MAT 124M • Calculus 1 4 Credits

A mathematical foundation for future college courses and beyond. Introduces the concepts and methods of the derivative and the integral, demonstrating how they are applied in real-world modeling situations. Topics are examined graphically, numerically, and algebraically, including using a symbolic computer algebra system to aid with understanding.
Prerequisites: Placement at MAT 124M on the Math and Computer Science department placement exam; MAT 121M, concurrent enrollment in MAT 122, or equivalent high school or college course(s). Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: For Placement Exam information see: https://www.bethel.edu/advising-center/placement-exams/math/

MAT 125 • Calculus 2 4 Credits

A continuation of the equipping of students with tools for effective problem solving. Study of integration, sequences and series, and introduction to differential equations and approximation techniques. Each topic is approached from several viewpoints (graphical, numerical, algebraic).
Prerequisites: MAT 124M with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, Spring.

MAT 201M • Mathematics for Elementary Education 1 4 Credits

Introduction to problem solving; patterns and sequences; systems of numeration; sets and logic; concepts, operations, and algorithms for each subset of the real numbers; elementary number theory; concepts and applications of ratios, proportions, and percents; data analysis, statistics, combinations/permutations, and probability.
Prerequisites: Major in elementary education; minimum ACT mathematics score of 24, minimum SAT mathematics score of 580 or satisfactory completion of Bethel's online Math for Elementary Education prep course; 15 college-level credits completed. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: MAT 201M may not be used to fulfill the requirements for a major or minor in mathematics. For Placement Exam information see: https://www.bethel.edu/advising-center/placement-exams/math/

MAT 202 • Mathematics for Elementary Education 2 2 Credits

Problem-solving and reasoning strategies; algebraic expressions, equations, and functions; concepts and applications of two- and three-dimensional geometry and measurement.
Prerequisites: MAT 201M with a C or higher. Offered: Fall, Spring. Special Notes: MAT 202 may not be used to fulfill the requirements for a major or minor in mathematics.

MAT 207M • Statistical Analysis 4 Credits

Descriptive and inferential statistics. Specific topics include discrete probability spaces, random variables, distributions, normal distribution, estimation, hypothesis testing, linear regression, correlation analysis. Possible additional topics include: analysis of variance, goodness-of-fit, and contingency tables. Applications to business, economics, and science.
Offered: Fall, January, Spring. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for both MAT 207M and BUS 201M or PSY 230M. MAT 207M will not count toward the psychological sciences minor elective credit requirement.

MAT 211 • Linear Algebra 4 Credits

Linear systems, matrices, vectors and vector spaces, linear transformations, inner products, norms, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, orthogonality, and applications. A foundation for many areas of study in mathematics, computer science, engineering, and science.
Prerequisites: MAT 125 with a C- or higher or MAT 242 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall.

MAT 222 • Differential Equations 4 Credits

Analytic solution methods for ordinary differential equations, including special methods for first- and second-order systems, and transformation methods. Analysis of systems of differential equations using linear algebra and qualitative phase plane techniques.
Prerequisites: MAT 125 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for both MAT 222 and MAT 224.

MAT 223 • Multivariable Calculus 4 Credits

Calculus of parametric curves: arc length, curvature, motion. Calculus of real functions on Rⁿ: partial and directional derivatives, multiple integration, optimization techniques (including Lagrange multipliers). Calculus of vector fields: curl, divergence, line and surface integrals, and fundamental theorems.
Prerequisites: MAT 125 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, Spring.

MAT 224 • Differential Equations with Linear Algebra 4 Credits

A synthesis of discrete and continuous dynamical systems (difference equations and differential equations) using linear algebra. Standard symbolic, numerical, and qualitative solution methods for differential equations along with relevant computations and theoretical concepts from linear algebra, including: matrix operations, vector spaces, basis, dimension, change of basis, eigenvalues, and diagonalization.
Prerequisites: MAT 125 with a C- or higher. Special Notes: Students may not receive credit for both MAT 224 and MAT 222. Offered: Fall.

MAT 242 • Introduction to Proofs 2 Credits

An introduction to mathematical reasoning skills with a focus on proof techniques such as direct and indirect proof, proof by contradiction, and mathematical induction. Also includes examination of sets, logic, and elementary number theory. Emphasis on mathematical communication.
Prerequisites: MAT 124M with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, Spring.

MAT 248 • Mathematics of Computer Science 4 Credits

Covers a set of topics necessary to computer science majors, including algorithm analysis, counting, graphs, trees, finite probability theory, cryptography, and an introduction to the theory of computation.
Prerequisites: COS 110 with a C- or higher or COS 111 with a C- or higher; MAT 242 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring.

MAT 299 • Careers in Mathematics and Computer Science Seminar 0 Credit

Explores careers in mathematics and computer science through a selection of videos, lectures, tours, or guest speakers. Activities may include developing practical professional skills such as writing resumes and cover letters, accumulating connections and experience, and techniques for interviewing.
Prerequisites: MAT 124M with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall.

MAT 300 • Numerical Analysis 2 Credits

A study of accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of algorithms for numerical approximations of roots, fixed points, functions (interpolation), integration, and solutions of ordinary differential equations. Other topics may include numerical linear algebra.
Prerequisites: MAT 125 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring, odd # years.

MAT 309 • Financial Mathematics 4 Credits

Topics and problem-solving practice for the actuarial exam in financial mathematics. Theory of interest topics include: time value of money, annuities, cash flows, amortized loans, bonds, portfolios, and immunization. Financial economics topics include: derivatives, options, forwards and futures, swaps, hedging, and investment strategies.
Prerequisites: MAT 125 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, even # years.

MAT 322 • Complex Analysis 4 Credits

Extends the concepts of calculus and analysis to the complex setting. Topics include complex numbers, analytic functions, elementary functions, differentiation, integration, series, residues, and poles.
Prerequisites: MAT 125 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring, odd # years. Special Notes: MAT 223 and MAT 242 are strongly recommended prerequisites.

MAT 332 • Probability and Statistics 4 Credits

Basic axiomatic probability, conditional probability and Bayes’ Theorem, discrete and continuous random variables and their distributions, moment generating functions, multivariate random variables and transformations, stochastic processes, sampling distributions and estimators, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and an introduction to simple linear regression. Applications to actuarial science, data science, and engineering.
Prerequisites: MAT 125 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall.

MAT 333 • Advanced Probability and Statistics 4 Credits

Review of probability and statistics, with more depth. Other topics may include: convolution, advanced estimation and hypothesis testing theory and applications, likelihood ratio test, Neyman-Pearson Lemma, best tests, Bayesian estimation, linear and multilinear regression, factor analysis, including analysis of variance and experimental design, chi-square test, and quality control.
Prerequisites: MAT 332 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring, even # years.

MAT 376 • Operations Research 3 Credits

Mathematical techniques used in systems analysis, including linear programming, simulation techniques, and other topics such as transportation models, integer programming, and network analysis.
Prerequisites: COS 110 with a C- or higher or COS 111 with a C- or higher; MAT 211 with a C- or higher or MAT 224 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

MAT 410 • Abstract Algebra 4 Credits

Study of groups, rings, fields, and applications of these algebraic structures from a firm axiomatic foundation with a strong emphasis on properly written proofs.
Prerequisites: MAT 211 with a C- or higher and MAT 242 with a C- or higher. Offered: Spring.

MAT 422 • Real Analysis 4 Credits

Elementary set theory, properties of real numbers, functions of real variables, sequences, series, differentiation, Riemann integration, and introduction to topological concepts.
Prerequisites: MAT 223 with a C- or higher and MAT 242 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall.

MAT 441 • Combinatorics and Graph Theory 4 Credits

Combinatorics: permutations, combinations, multinomial coefficients, and generating functions. Graph theory: graphs, connectivity, Eulerian tours, trees, matchings, planarity, and chromatic number.
Prerequisites: MAT 242 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, odd # years.

MAT 451 • Modern Geometry 4 Credits

An exploration of informal and formal geometric topics using dynamic mathematics software. Investigation of concepts, structure, proof, Euclidean, non-Euclidean, and transformational geometry.
Prerequisites: MAT 242 with a C- or higher. Offered: Fall, even # years.

MAT 490 • Topics in Mathematics 4 Credits

An in-depth study of a specific field of mathematics.
Prerequisites: MAT 211 with a C- or higher and MAT 242 with a C- or higher. Offered: Occasionally.

MAT 499 • Senior Seminar 2 Credits

A short history of mathematics’ major transition points, overview of foundations of mathematics, axiomatic structures, and philosophies of mathematics in relation to Christian faith.
Prerequisites: MAT 410 with a C- or higher or MAT 422 with a C- or higher; Senior standing. Offered: January.

MATH 090 • Foundations of Mathematics 0 Credit

A pre-college course that does not lead to college-level credit that would be applied to degree, certificate, or license requirements.
Special Notes: There is no tuition charged for this course, however it does carry a course fee for material costs.

MATH 180 • Mathematics in Real Life 4 Credits

Intermediate-level study of college liberal arts mathematics: financial mathematics, mathematical models of growth, statistics and probabilities. Emphasis on application of quantitative reasoning, analytical thinking, and problem-solving methods to real-life problems.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 4.

MATH 201 • Business Mathematics and Statistics 4 Credits

Study of core statistical concepts and skills using practical business exercises, examples, and cases. Practice data acquisition, data visualization, and data analysis using Excel statistical tools. Application of quantitative reasoning, analytical thinking, and problem-solving methods to real-world business problems.
Fulfills: CAPS Goal Area 4. Special Notes: Completion of a 100 or 200-level statistics course is recommended, but not required.

MATH 294 • Topics in Math 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Math theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

MATH 379PT • Portfolio in Math 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Math.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

MDSC 579PT • Portfolio in Medical Sciences 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Medical Sciences.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

MDSC 610 • Anatomy, Embryology and Imaging 9 Credits

Detailed study of the normal structure, development, and organization of the human body. A regional approach to Human Gross Anatomy, Embryology Imaging in three block contents. Gross structures studied in the laboratory by software modeling. Introduction to radiology and preparation for further development. Contribution of developmental events to gross anatomical organization and the correlation of this organization with clinically relevant conditions stressed.
Complete Anatomy/iClicker Fee: $70.

MDSC 620 • Medical Biochemistry I 5 Credits

A foundation for other basic and clinical medical sciences. Core concepts of biochemistry that apply to human health and disease and to cite specific examples of their application. Analyze and evaluate the most common biochemistry cited in medical literature. These basics facilitate further learning in biochemistry and the health sciences.

MDSC 630 • Physiology I 4 Credits

Emphasis on the integration of functions from the cellular level to that of the total organism and the application of physiology concepts to problem solving. The following units are covered: Membrane and Action Potentials, Cellular and Systemic Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems.

MDSC 640 • Histology and Cell Biology 4 Credits

Study of the many different aspects of the internal structure of cells, tissues and organs in the human body, presenting a comprehensive survey of many of their complex interrelationships.

MDSC 650 • Health Disparities 1 Credit

Provides a general overview of gaps in health outcomes associated with health disparities. Special emphasis given to the social determinants of health such as race/ethnicity, social class, socioeconomic status, sex, sexuality, nationality, and migration status. Focus on the impact of health disparities' impact at multiple system's levels.
Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

MDSC 660 • Medical Biochemistry II 5 Credits

The major goal of the Biochemistry Course is to provide students with a complete understanding, at the molecular level, of all the chemical processes associated with living cells. Courses in the Basic Sciences Department aim to guide the student towards an understanding of basic biochemical concepts that deal with life processes.
Prerequisites: MDSC 620.

MDSC 670 • Physiology II 4 Credits

Studies human body function on an organ system basis. Emphasizes integration from cellular to whole-organism levels and applies physiological concepts to problem-solving. Covers gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine system physiology.
Prerequisites: MDSC 630.

MDSC 680 • Medical Microbiology 4 Credits

Teaches students about all the most common pathogens involved in infectious illness and their characteristics. Prepares students for their licensing examinations by providing the clinical knowledge and problem solving skills they need to approve them.

MDSC 685 • Medical Neuroscience 5 Credits

Teaches brain function in health and disease. Covers neuroanatomy/histology (33 lecture hours) and neurophysiology (21 lecture hours). Brain dissection laboratory (7.5 hours), small group discussion sections (6 hours). Efficient use of independent study time is essential.

MDSC 690 • Medical Ethics 1 Credit

Explores ethical principles and reasoning in medical practice. Examines everyday ethical decisions alongside complex dilemmas such as cloning, abortion, and organ donation. Develops skills to apply consistent, well-reasoned solutions and understand the inherent ethical responsibilities of physicians in clinical decision-making.
Special Notes: This course is graded on an S/U basis.

MDSC 694 • Topics in Medical Sciences 1-4 Credits

An in-depth study of a particular Medical Sciences theme.
Special Notes: Topics courses should serve as elective courses.

MDSC 700 • Comprehensive Final Exam 0 Credit

Comprehensive examination after completion of the student's final didactic course.
Prerequisites: MDSC 610, MDSC 620, MDSC 630, MDSC 640, MDSC 650, MDSC 660, MDSC 670, MDSC 680, MDSC 685, MDSC 690. Grade exceptions: Graded on an S/U basis.

MF 611 • Foundations of Marriage and Family Studies 3 Credits

Examines the historical development and theoretical foundations of marriage and family studies, theological issues in the study of marriage and family, and the practice of marriage and family therapy. Special attention paid to family systems theory. Examination of assumptions about families and increased congruence between theological convictions and theoretical perspectives.

MF 612 • Families in Context: Gender, Class and Culture 3 Credits

Explores differences in family structure and interaction related to race, ethnicity, culture, and socioeconomic status. The influences of gender role perceptions are examined. Students identify challenges of providing therapy and pastoral care to families who differ from themselves in terms of gender, class, and culture.
Prerequisites: MF 611.

MF 613 • Dynamics of Family Interaction: Sexuality, Spirituality and Socialization 3 Credits

Analyzes dynamic processes of family relationships such as love and intimacy; communication; shame; power; stress; and coping. Family changes are addressed. Special attention paid to how couples and families interact around issues of sexuality and spirituality. Development of awareness of the influences on family dynamics in families of origin.
Prerequisites: MF 611.

MF 621 • Individual Development Within the Family 3 Credits

Explores the development of individuals within the family over the life cycle. Childhood, adolescent, and adult development and aging are examined with attention given to physical, spiritual, intellectual, and social development and their implications for the practice of therapy and pastoral care.
Prerequisites: MF 611.

MF 622 • Individual and Family Psychopathology I 3 Credits

Helps students understand and identify individual and relational problems and gain awareness of abnormal and/or unhealthy development of individuals and relationships. Includes an introduction to and critique of the most current DSM diagnostic criteria.
Prerequisites: MF 611, MF 621, (may be taken concurrently).

MF 623 • Individual and Family Psychopathology II 3 Credits

Helps students assess and diagnose relational problems and mental illness and disorders in children, adolescents, and adults. Includes thorough interaction with the most current DSM diagnostic criteria.
Prerequisites: MF 611, MF 622.

MF 624 • Challenges over the Family Life Cycle 3 Credits

Students examine therapeutic strategies for addressing developmental issues throughout the family life cycle, such as marriage preparation, transition to parenthood, parenting over the life cycle, work and family issues, chronic illness, and aging.
Prerequisites: MF 611.

MF 631 • Professional and Ethical Issues in Marriage & Family Therapy 3 Credits

Addresses legal and ethical situations arising in the practice of marital and family therapy and examine unique challenges of maintaining appropriate boundaries within ministry settings. Issues of professional development are discussed, and students are encouraged to develop strategies for continuing professional, personal, and spiritual growth.
Prerequisites: MF 611.

MF 640 • Clinical Skills in Marriage and Family Therapy 3 Credits

Theory and essential skills in the practice of Marriage Family Therapy. Develops a better understanding of the therapy process through foundational theories and concepts. Introduces theories and techniques of individual, group, couples, and family therapy. Training and practice in basic therapy skills, providing experiential exposure to therapy processes.

MF 641 • Theories of Marriage and Family Therapy 3 Credits

Reviews and critiques major approaches to family therapy, including structural, strategic, transgenerational, experiential, object relations, contextual, systemic, and emerging models from theological and theoretical perspectives. Practices techniques in class and examines therapy’s role in pastoral care. Encourages students to articulate their own approaches with families.
Prerequisites: MF 611.

MF 642 • Couple and Family Assessment 3 Credits

Explores theoretical perspectives on marital and family assessment and introduces common personality and relationship assessment tools. Develops skills for diagnostic assessment, treatment planning, and initial family therapy sessions. Integrates medical and systemic approaches to enable effective collaboration with healthcare and regulatory professionals.
Prerequisites: MF 611.

MF 643 • Advanced Clinical Issues 3 Credits

Focuses on developing therapeutic and pastoral care strategies based on research, theory, and theological reflection to address issues such as separation and divorce, single-parent and remarried families, infertility, adultery, sexual dysfunction, abuse and violence in the family, and addictive and compulsive behaviors.
Prerequisites: MF 611 and MF 642.

MF 651 • Research Design & Evaluation in Marriage & Family Therapy 3 Credits

Students explore the interpretation and design of qualitative and quantitative research in family issues and in processes and outcomes of marriage and family therapy. Principles of understanding and critiquing published research are examined, with the goal of enabling students to use current literature to ground their therapeutic and pastoral responses to family concerns.
Prerequisites: MF 611.

MF 670 • Directed Study in Marriage and Family Studies 1-9 Credits

Research and study by arrangement with the professor.
Special Notes: Permission is required.

MF 699PT • Portfolio in Marriage and Family 0.5-6 Credits

Preselected topics within an existing course in the field of Marriage and Family.
Special Notes: Portfolio courses are created upon request with permission by an overseeing Program Director.

MF 711 • Supervised Clinical Experience I 3 Credits